1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review

2. Photosynthesis
Plants, algae, some bacteria
Chloroplast (in eukaryotes); cell membrane (in prokaryotes)
6CO2 (carbon dioxide)+ 6H2O (water) + Light Energy -> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen)
Main purpose is to make glucose to use for food
Light energy is captured by light-absorbing pigments called chlorophyll
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Show image of chloroplast
What is the purpose of chlorophyll
What does the plant use the glucose that is produced for?

3. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Temperature
Light Intensity
High light intensity increases photosynthesis rate
Greater output of glucose and O2 (oxygen)
Low light intensity decreases photosynthesis rate
Lower output of glucose and O2
Water Availability

4. Cellular Respiration
All organisms
Mitochondria (aerobic); cytoplasm (anaerobic)
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) -> 6H2O (water) + 6CO2 (carbon dioxide)+ ATP (energy)
Main purpose is to break down glucose to make ATP to use for energy
Glycolysis (both aerobic and anaerobic)
Converts glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules
Krebs Cycle (aerobic only)
Main purpose: makes 2 ATP, also makes NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers) for use in the ETC
Electron Transport Chain (aerobic only)
Make ATP

5. Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration
In the presence of oxygen -> aerobic respiration
Produces 36 ATP per glucose
Without oxygen-> anaerobic respiration
No ATP production
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeasts
Produces alcohol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Produces lactic acid

6. Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration
Opposite processes
The products of one reaction is used as the reactants of the other
Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen
Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Energy is captured by chloroplasts in photosynthesis and released at the mitochondria in cellular respiration
Figure 9.3