1. KEY CONCEPT Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction, and normal functions.

2. The cell cycle has four main stages.
The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division.

3. 1. Gap 1 (G1): cell growth and carry out normal functions
Main stages of the cell cycle:
Gap Synthesis Gap Mitosis
1. Gap 1 (G1): cell growth and carry out normal functions
Organelles replicated

4. 3. DNA synthesis (S): copies DNA
Main stages of the cell cycle:
Gap Synthesis Gap Mitosis
3. DNA synthesis (S): copies DNA

5. 5. Gap 2 (G2): additional growth
Main stages of the cell cycle:
Gap Synthesis Gap Mitosis
5. Gap 2 (G2): additional growth

6. 7. Mitosis (M): cell division and division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
Main stages of the cell cycle:
Gap Synthesis Gap Mitosis
7. Mitosis (M): cell division and division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)

7. 9. Prophase 10. Metaphase 11. Anaphase 12. Telophase 13. Cytokinesis
Phases of Mitosis
9. Prophase 10. Metaphase 11. Anaphase 12. Telophase 13. Cytokinesis

8. Cells divide at different rates.
The rate of cell division varies with the need for those types of cells.

9. Cell is too small- could not hold all organelles
Cell size is limited.
Cell is too small- could not hold all organelles
Cell is too big-could not move enough material through cell membrane
Perfect size = cell growth and division occur

10. Surface area must allow for adequate exchange of materials.
Cell growth is coordinated with division.
Cells that must be large have unique shapes.