1. Demographics and Growth
Challenges of Growth
Migration

2. Today’s Topic?
In a very short amount of time the human population exploded and is still growing very fast. Will this lead to the end of our civilization?

3. demographics

4. Demographics
Statistical study of the size, structure, and distribution of human populations and their response to changes in:
Birth (Birth Rates)
Death (Death Rates)
Time
Aging
Migration Patterns
The division and allocation of scarce resources relies on information gathered from demographics as well as rituals, habits, or customs

5. Demographic transition model
Uses birthrates and death rates to show how populations in countries or regions can change over time.
Originally created to show the changes in birthrates and death rates in Western Europe as an effect of industrialization.
Death rates fall quickly as a result of reliable food supplies, improved health care, and better living conditions.
Birthrates decline slower because social changes like cultural traditions, religious beliefs, etc. need more time.

6. Population Growth Global Population has increased dramatically
Negative Effects of Rapid Population Growth May Include:
Famine, Disease, and Depletion of Natural Resources
Positive Effects May Include:
Levels of sophisticated technology, creativity

7. Growth Rates A country’s total population is affected by:
Birth Rate- the number of live births each year per 1000 people
Death Rate- the number of deaths each year per 1000 people
Immigration- the number of people who move into the country
Emigration- numbers of people who leave the country to live in other places

8. Zero Population Growth
When the combined Birth Rate & Immigration Rate equal the combination Death & Emigration Rate, a country has achieved “Zero Population Growth”
Usually achieved only in highly industrialized societies
Most developing nations either have very high birth rates or high death rates

9. United States
The United States is one of the few developed countries whose population is growing. The fertility rate, which is slightly more than two children per woman, ensures the replacement of each generation. The country also welcomes the largest number of immigrants in the world, on average million per year between 2000 and 2005.

10. United States: Slow Growth
Death rates have declined as a result of better medical care, but birth rates and immigration numbers have increased
Economy is maintained by encouraging immigrants to work for lower rates and businesses using foreign labor, which has created issues with host populations.

11. Quebec
The situation in Quebec is similar to that in developed countries. Its population will age in the coming decades because of the low fertility rate (1.62 children per woman in 2007). The number of people over the age of 80 should quadruple by 2050, while the population will begin decreasing around 2031.

12. Responses to growth challenges
Italy: Negative Growth
Population is aging to the point where largest age group (45-49) is past child-bearing years and have not contributed to population growth.
Since people live longer, food and money resources are stretched among a larger populace.

13. What is Canada’s demographic growth?
Canada had an annual growth of 1% as of 2005 (Statistics Canada, 2005).
This is relatively high.
Canada is slowly heading toward zero growth as are other developed countries.

15. Challenges to growth

16. Dropping fertility rate
Average of children per woman (2005)
Not high enough to ensure replacement of each generation.
Average of 1.6 children per woman (2005)
Not high enough to ensure replacement of each generation.

17. Other Growth Challenges
Rapid Population Growth- use resources quicker, and the younger population (infants & children) can’t contribute to production of resources
Slow Growth- closest to zero growth goal, but still has issues with higher birth rates and immigration.
Negative Growth- the OLDER population (65+) can’t contribute to production of resources; smallest birth rates

18. An aging population
Since the Industrial Revolution, the mortality rate has dropped significantly.
Medical developments have improved.
From , the age expectancy for men was 79 and 83 for women.
: the age expectancy was 59 for men and 61 for women.

19. What does this mean?
The number of young people is decreasing and the number of seniors is on the rise.
Immigration as a way of replenishing the population.

20. Physical Challenges Natural obstacles restrict where people can live.
Population Distribution- the patterns where people have decided to live across countries or continents
7 billion people on Earth share 30% of land area
Natural obstacles restrict where people can live.
2/3 of Earth is covered by water
½ of all land is unlivable due to:
Deserts- Sahara in Africa, Gobi in China, Death Valley in Nevada
Mountains- Alps in Europe, Himalayas in Nepal, Rockies in US
Uninhabitable Climates- Arctic Tundras, Deserts

21. Most people will live in the same types of livable areas.
Specifically, areas where soil is fertile, water plentiful, and in a climate where crops can grow
The simplest way to calculate population density is to divide the total population of a region by the region’s land area
Most prefer to use a regions “arable land”, land used specifically for farming

22. Human Challenges
Technology improvements, economic activities, and discovery of valuable resources may attract settlers to a new area
They have also led to large increases in population

23. Responses to growth challenges: china

24. China’s one child policy
After Mao Zedong came to power in 1949, the government encouraged the growth of Chinese population. However, by 1960, the population had doubled and food resources were at all-time low
In 1974, government enacted One Child Policy, limiting Chinese families to only having one baby. People who did not follow the policy were fined for each additional child or subjected to sterilization procedures.
In 2013, families were allowed to apply to have additional children after government realized that by 2050, more than half of Chinese population will be over the age of 50 and unable to contribute to economy.
Due to cultural emphasis on male preference, there is an extreme shortage of girls in China’s population.

25. Why move to Canada Our population is aging
Large landmass, abundant natural resources & small population
Democratic, open societyMulticultural population welcoming to newcomers
Well developed infrastructure, health, educational and other systems
Highly industrialized, vibrant economy with many opportunities for skilled workers & business persons

26. Question Should we allow immigrants to become Canadian Citizens?
Does immigration hurt or help the economy?

27. Why does CANADA want more IMMIGRANTS?
One in every five Canadians was born abroad, a percentage which is almost double that of the US or the UK. And, truth be told, this hasn’t led to any national tragedy, in fact, quite the contrary! Today we are going to look at Canada, a country who truly believes in open borders and globalization!