1. The Amendments
Vocabulary Activity – Copy the following term in your notes
Precedent – Following procedures established by law
Bail- Money payed to court by a person guarantying appearance in court
Double Jeopardy – People judged not guilty cannot be tried for the same crime twice
Slander – Criminal act of lying about another person to harm the persons reputation
Eminent Domain – Right of the government to take private property for public use
Poll Tax – Sum of money paid in exchange for right to vote
Slander – Criminal act of printing lies about other people

2. Principles of Government
The 7
Basic
Principles of Government

3. Seven Basic Principles of Government
#1. Popular Sovereignty
The principle that government gets its authority from the people, therefore people have a right to change or abolish their government.

4. Seven Basic Principles of Government
#2. Limited Government
The principle that government has only the powers that the Constitution gives it. Everyone, no matter how important, must obey the law.

5. Seven Basic Principles of Government
#3. Separation of Powers
The idea of limiting government power by dividing it among different branches of government.

6. Seven Basic Principles of Government
# 4. Checks and Balances
Each branch of government has power to check, or limit, actions of the other branches.

7. Seven Basic Principles of Government
# 5. Federalism
The principle of dividing power between the federal government and the states.

8. Seven Basic Principles of Government
#6. Republicanism
A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to carry out their will.

9. Seven Basic Principles of Government
# 7. Individual Rights
Individual rights include freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to trial by jury.

10. https://app. discoveryeducation

11. The Amendments

12. The Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments)

13. 1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and press, and the right of people to petition the government.
No official religion
Citizens can criticize government
American press is not subject to prior restraint - that is, government censorship of information before it is published

14. 1st Amendment (cont.)

15. 1st Amendment (cont.)
Slander (false speech intended to damage a persons reputation) and libel (similar to slander except it applies to written or published statements) are both illegal
2. You must be responsible For example, you cannot endanger the nations safety by giving away military secrets or call for the violent overthrow of the government.
3. Don’t cry “Fire” in a crowded theatre

16. Is this O.K.? What do you think and why?
                                                           
                                                                      
Is this O.K.? What do you think and why?

17. 2nd Amendment Right to Bear Arms
Originally intended to prevent the national government from taking away weapons
Can be regulated
Right to Wear Sleeveless shirts!

18. 3rd Amendment
Prohibits government from forcing people to provide shelter for soldiers

19. 4th Amendment
Police must have probable cause (a reasonable basis to believe the person or premises is linked to a crime) to carry out an arrest or search
A search or an arrest also requires a search warrant or an arrest warrant (these are orders signed by a judge describing a specific place to be searched for specific items or naming the individual to be arrested for a specific crime)

20. 4th Amendment (Cont.)

21. 5th Amendment
No one can be tried for a serious crime unless a grand jury has decided there is enough evidence to justify a trial
Cannot be tried for the same crime twice (Double Jeopardy)
Cannot be forced to testify against himself or herself (Right to remain silent)
Government cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law (government needs to follow proper procedures in trials)

24. Miranda v. Arizona 1. You have the right to remain silent.
2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
3. You have the right to an attorney.
4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.

25. 6th Amendment
Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. (Why?)
Change of venue may be asked for as well
Accused persons have the right to a lawyer

26. 6th Amendment (Cont.)

27. 6th Amendment (Cont.)

28. 7th Amendment
Right to a trial by jury of his or her peers

29. 8th Amendment 1. Prohibits excessive bail 2. Prohibits excessive fines
3. Bans cruel and unusual punishment (these are punishments that are out of proportion to the crime committed)

30. 9th Amendment
* Protects all basic or natural rights not specifically noted in the Constitution
10th Amendment
* Establishes that powers not given to the national government - or denied to the states - by the Constitution belong to the states or to the people

31. Other Amendments
11th Amendment (1795) – Prohibits a state from being sued in federal court by citizens of another state or of another nation
12th Amendment (1804) – Required presidential electors to vote separately for president and vice president

32. Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment (1865) – Abolished slavery
14th Amendment (1868) – Originally intended to protect the legal rights of the freed slaves and their descendants. Today it protects the rights of citizenship in general by prohibiting a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without “due process of law.”
15th Amendment (1870) – Prohibits the government from denying a persons right to vote on the basis of race

33. Later Amendments (20th Century)
16th Amendment (1913)
Gave Congress the power to levy individual income taxes
Progressive tax – assigned higher tax rates to people with higher incomes

34. 17th Amendment (1913)
Provided for the election of U.S. Senators by direct popular vote instead of by state legislatures

35. 18th Amendment (1919)
Outlawed the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages
(Prohibition)

36. 19th Amendment (1920) Guaranteed women the right to vote
(Women's Suffrage)

37. 20th Amendment (1933)
Shortened the time between a presidential election and inauguration by designating January 20 as Inauguration Day; set January 3 as the date for the opening of a new Congress

38. 21st Amendment (1933)
Repealed the 18th Amendment and empowered Congress to regulate the liquor industry

39. 22nd Amendment (1951) Limited presidents to 2 full terms in office
Why?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

40. 23rd Amendment (1961)
Granted voters in the District of Columbia the right to vote for president and vice president.

41. 24th Amendment (1964)
Outlawed poll taxes (taxes paid in order to vote) in federal elections.
Why were these used?

42. 25th Amendment (1967)
Provided for succession to the office of president in the event of death or incapacity and for filling vacancies in the office of the vice president

43. 26th Amendment (1971) – Extended the right to vote to 18-year olds
27th Amendment (1992) – Banned Congress from increasing its
members salaries until after the next election.