1. Democratic Developments in England
Chapter 1
Section 5
Democratic Developments in England

2. Growth of Royal Power Feudalism
Developed in response to invasion (from Vikings and others)

3. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
These 3 groups struggled for power and authority for centuries
During medieval period all 3 had their own
Courts
Tax system
Armies

4. Strong Monarchs in England
Edward, Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) king died without an heir
William and Harold fought for the crown
1066 Battle of Hastings
William of Normandy (France) invaded
Became William the Conqueror

5. William the Conqueror Required even vassals to swear allegiance to him
French-speaking nobles (barons) dominated England
For 300 years Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon customs, languages, and traditions blended.
1086 Census taken to build efficient tax system

6. Common Law Henry II (1154) Helped establish English Common Law
Legal system based on custom and court rulings
People eventually chose royal courts over those of the nobles or clergy
Benefited from court fees
Also established Jury System
Grand Jury--determined which cases went to trial
Trial Jury--composed of neighbors of the accused

7. Pg. 41 Standards Check
What new practices did strong monarchs introduce in England?

8. Evolving Traditions of Government
Henry tried to extend power over the Church
Claimed right to try clergy in royal courts
Thomas Becket (martyred)

9. Eventually Richard I (Lionheart) became king
Henry II had 4 sons
Constantly battled each other and their father for the throne
Eventually Richard I (Lionheart) became king
Left on 3rd Crusade leaving brother John in charge
During 10 year reign he was only in England for a total of 6 months. Completely absent the last 5 years
John became increasingly unpopular (Robin Hood)

10. The Magna Carta John took over after Richard
Continued to struggle with the French king, the Pope, and his own nobles
In 1215 John was cornered and forced to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter)

11. Magna Carta
Affirmed a long list of feudal rights (mostly for the nobility)
Included protection from arbitrary arrest or imprisonment except “by legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.”
Became known as “due process of law”
Eventually extended to everyone

12. Magna Carta
King also agreed not to raise new taxes without consulting Great Council of Lords and Clergy
American colonists would interpret this as “no taxation without representation”

13. Magna Carta Two most important principles:
Nobles had certain rights (eventually extended to everyone)
Even the monarch must obey the law (“the rule of law”)

14. Development of Parliament
Great Council evolves into Parliament
In 1295 Edward I includes commoners in Parliament
“Model Parliament has 2 houses:
House of Lords (Nobles and Clergy)
House of Commons (Knights and town representatives)

15. Parliament Gains Strength
Hundred Years War
Parliament gains “Power of the Purse”
All new taxes must be approved by Parliament

16. Pg 43 Standards Check
How did the English Parliament limit the power of the monarch?

17. Triumph of Parliament

18. Henry VIII
Breaks with Catholic Church
Creates Church of England

19. Elizabeth I
England’s Golden Age
Defeat of Spain

20. King James I
KJV
Absolute Monarch
Dissolves Parliament

21. Charles I Also dissolved Parliament
Called on Parliament for money 1640
Parliament rebelled (“Long Parliament”)
1642 Charles sends troops, begins civil war

22. English Civil War ( )
Parliament forces led by Puritan general Oliver Cromwell
Parliament wins and captures the king.
Charles I is put on trial and beheaded
First time in Europe a ruling monarch executed by his own people

23. Commonwealth House of Commons rules
Abolishes monarchy, House of Lords, Church of England
Declares England a Republic
Cromwell imposes military rule in 1653

24. Commonwealth exiles Catholics
Puritans run government
Restrict various forms of entertainment (outlaw theater)

25. 1658 Cromwell dies
1660 Newly elected Parliament restores monarchy
Invites Charles II, exiled in France, to return as king

26. Restoration Charles II accepts Petition of Right
No unlawful imprisonment without judgment of peers

27. James II (1685) Absolute Monarch Openly Catholic
1688 Parliament invites James daughter Mary and Dutch Protestant William of Orange to be new rulers
James II flees to France without a fight

28. Glorious Revolution William and Mary accept the English Bill of Rights
No cruel punishment
No excessive bail
Right to bear arms
Right to petition government
Habeas Corpus (cannot be held without charges)

29. English Bill of Rights
Monarch could not interfere in Parliamentary debates
King/Queen cannot be Catholic
Established “Limited Monarchy”

30. Pg 46 Standards Check
What principles did the English Bill of Rights establish?