1. Which of the following cases involved the decision that the Bill of Rights only applied to the federal government?
a. Marbury v. Madison
b. McCulloch v. Madison
c. Gibbons v. Ogden
d. Barron v. Baltimore
e. Gitlow v. New York
Both Gitlow v. New York and New York Times v. Sullivan are United States Supreme Court cases that dealt with which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution
a. First amendment
b. Second amendment
c. Fourth amendment
d. Fifth amendment
e. Fifteenth amendment

2. The supremacy clause in the Constitution states that (A) federal law takes precedence over state law when the laws conflict (B) only Congress may declare war (C) the Senate should have a greater role in foreign affairs than does the House of Representatives (D) the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce (E) the Supreme Court has the power

3. Which of the following clauses in the Constitution
justifies the “implied powers doctrine” ?
(A) The necessary and proper clause
(B) The privileges and immunities clause
(C) The contract clause
(D) The debts and engagements clause
(E) The executive power clause
A writ of habeas corpus refers to
(A) a person’s right to know the reasons
for his or her imprisonment
(B) a person’s right to not be charged for
an action committed before that action
was a crime
(C) a person’s right to trial by jury
(D) the protection against cruel and unusual
punishment
(E) a demand from one state to extradite
a suspect from another state

4. Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws? (A) The First Amendment right to petition the government for a redress of grievances (B) The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure (C) The Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination (D) The Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment (E) The Tenth Amendment right of states to powers not given to the national government

5. The United States Constitution says that Congress has the power to coin money. This is an example of (A) an enumerated power (B) an implied power (C) an inherent power (D) a reserved power (E) a concurrent power

7. Civil Rights: Introduction
Civil rights: rights of all citizens to equal treatment under the law
What government must do to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination
Fourteenth Amendment guarantees
Civil liberties are limitations on government
What government cannot do

8. African Americans and the Consequences of Slavery in the United States
Ending servitude
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment (1865, prohibits slavery)
14th Amendment (1868, citizenship to blacks)
15th Amendment (1870, voting rights for black men)

9. African Americans and the Consequences of Slavery in the United States
Limitations of civil rights laws
Little practical effect for African Americans
Hayes presidency ends progression of rights, allows creation of Jim Crow laws
Civil Rights Cases
Invalidates much of civil rights legislation
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Separate-but-equal doctrine
Jim Crow laws support segregation

10. African Americans and the Consequences of Slavery in the United States
End of separate-but-equal doctrine
NAACP established, begins legal challenges
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)- overturns Plessy using the equal
Protection clause of the 14th amendment
“With All Deliberate Speed”
Reactions to school integration
Segregationist backlash; violence
Many Southern schools remained segregated

11. Escalation of the Civil Rights Movement
Modern civil rights legislation
Civil Rights Act of 1957: Civil Rights Commission
Civil Rights Act of 1960: voting rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Forbids discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, gender and national origin
Banned Discrimination in Public Accommodations
Provided for withholding of federal funds from discriminatory state and local laws

12. Women’s Campaign for Equal Rights
Reed vs. Reed 1971
First time the 14th amendment’s equal protection clause was applied to treatment between legal sex.
Work to pass constitutional amendment
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

13. The Suffrage Map, Early August, 1920
Figure 5-2
(Source: From “Out of Subjection into Freedom” by Marjorie Shuler, published in The Woman Citizen, p. 360, September 4, 1920.)

14. Women’s Voting Rights Around the World (Selected Countries, Year Women’s Suffrage Granted)
Table 5-1
(Source: Center for the American Woman and Politics)

15. Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace
Voting rights and the young
Twenty-sixth Amendment (1971)
“The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.”
Vietnam War played significant role

16. Affirmative Action
Although discrimination prohibited by law, education and skills often lag
Affirmative action policies attempt to “level the playing field”
U.C. Regents vs. Bakke (1978)
Strict quotas unconstitutional, but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions. Bakke was admitted

17. Affirmative Action Gratz vs. Bollinger (2003)
Struck down use of “bonus points” for race in undergrad admissions at UM
Grutter vs. Bollinger
Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at UM

18. Securing Rights for Persons With Disabilities
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Public accessibility
Public accommodation
Employers must “reasonably accommodate”
Supreme Court limited scope of ADA