1. C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
Stnd: B.I. 1 C
10/30/2013
C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
Objective:
SWBAT differentiate the complexity and general structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses.

2. What is the “Cell Theory”?
The idea that all living things are made up of cells.
3 parts of the Cell theory are:
All organisms are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the basic (smallest) unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

3. Viruses What is the exceptions to the “Cell Theory”?
Disease-causing, nonliving particles
are not made up of cells and do NOT contain genetic material (DNA).
Viruses reproduce inside another cell, called the host cell.
Ex: HIV, Influenza, Common Cold, Polioviruses, Rabies viruses

4. What are Cells?
The smallest working units that is capable of performing all of life’s function

5. Where do Cells come from?
All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division (mitosis or meiosis).

6. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

7. Would you like to see some examples?
Even if you don’t, too bad.

8. Remember… These are magnified images taken with microscopes
Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.

9. Nerve Cell

10. Bacteria Cell

11. Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.

12. Brain Cell

13. Cornstalk Cells

14. Mammalian Tissue

15. Who is Robert Hooke?
The first person to see cells using a thin slice of cork found in the bark of a cork tree with his microscope.
He named them cells because they resembled tiny rooms

16. What are the two types of Cells?
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells

17. Found in Unicellular Organism (Single-Celled Organism)
What are Prokaryotic Cells? (Before the Nucleus)
Found in Unicellular Organism (Single-Celled Organism)
Do NOT have a nucleus to hold its circular DNA molecule (nucleoid), so the DNA remains to float freely in the cytoplasm.
Ex: Bacteria and Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
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18. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer coating
cell wall: tougher middle layer
cell membrane: delicate inner skin

19. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building proteins

20. Prokaryote lifestyle unicellular: all alone colony: forms a film
filamentous: forms a chain of cells

21. Prokaryote Feeding Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight
Disease-causing: feed on living things
Decomposers: feed on dead things

22. Certain drugs have become popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and raves.

24. Found in Multi-Cellular Organism called Eukaryotes
What are Eukaryotic Cells? (After the Nucleus)
Found in Multi-Cellular Organism called Eukaryotes
contains many organelles surrounded by membranes
Store their DNA in the Nucleus
Ex: plants and animals
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25. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
Have organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells

26. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm

27. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

28. “Typical” Animal Cell

29. “Typical” Plant Cell

30. Prokaryotic Cells found in Prokaryotes (ex: Bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells found in Eukaryotes (Ex: plants and Animals)
What are the complexity and structural components of Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells?
Unicellular (Single-Celled Organism)
Cell Wall that surrounds the Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Has DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes that float freely in the cell.
No NUCLEUS  has a Cellular DNA ( Nucleus-Like, irregularly shapped)
Flagellum (Tail, for movement)
Reproduces Asexually, binary fission (divide in half) , Conjugations ( connects and exchange DNA)
Multi-Cellular Organism (10x larger in size)
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall (only in plants)
Ribosomes
Contains a Nucleus (has DNA inside)
Contains many Membrane-Bounded Organelles (Tiny structural Bodies ; ex: chloroplast; mitochondria) for certain jobs
Growth and Replication by Mitosis and Meiosis.

31. What are the 3 structures that are both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell have?
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm (jelly-like fluid “soupy” area)
DNA (found in the Nucleus in Plants and Animal Cells)

32. Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction
multicellularity
all the same
can build large bodies