1. Middle Colonies

2. The Middle Colonies
Short winters, fertile soil; settlers from all over Europe
Middle colonies—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Religious freedom attracts many groups

3. New Netherland Become New York
Dutch settle New Netherland (1624)
Each patroon brings 50 settlers; receives land grant
Many different settlers arrive
23 Jews (1654)
Africans come as slaves and indentured servants
Puritans

4. English king wants to drive Dutch out of New Netherland.
Dutch colonies threaten England’s trade
Dutch colonies geographically divide the English colonies
New Netherland surrenders to English (1664)
Becomes proprietary colony—Duke of York is proprietor, or owner

5. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Duke of York gives part of claim, province of New Jersey, to friends
Promise settlers religious freedom, land grants, representative assembly
To repay debts, English king gives large piece of land to William Penn (1681) William Penn uses land to create colony of Pennsylvania for Quakers:
welcomes different religious, ethnic groups
treats Native Americans fairly
becomes wealthy colony
Southern counties of Pennsylvania form own colony of Delaware

7. A Wealth of Resources
Immigrants from all over Europe come to Middle Colonies
Dutch and German farmers bring advanced agricultural methods
Long growing season, rich soil; grow cash crops—crops sold for money

8. The Importance of Mills
Take corn, wheat, rye to gristmill—crush grain to make flour, meal
Use product to bake bread; gives colonists a lot of grain in their diet

9. The Cities Prosper Excellent harbors along coast ideal for cities
Merchants in cities export cash crops, import manufactured goods
In Philadelphia trade thrives; wealth brings public improvement
Trade also causes rapid growth in New York City

10. A Diverse Region
Middle Colonies have remarkable diversity, or variety, of people
Diversity causes tolerance among people
Many Germans arrive (1710–1740); good farmers, craftspeople
German artisans, or craftspeople, are ironworkers; make glass, furniture
Build Conestoga wagons—good for rough terrain; use to settle West

12. A Climate of Tolerance Dutch and Quakers practice religious tolerance
Quakers believe men and women are equal, have women preachers
Quakers protest slavery

13. African Americans in the Middle Colonies
7 percent of Middle Colonies’ population are enslaved
In New York City, enslaved Africans do manual labor, assist artisans
City’s free African-Americans work as laborers, servants, sailors
Tensions lead to violence; in 1712, 24 slaves rebel; punished horribly