1. Vietnam Protests

2. Unit Objective
To understand the causes and impact of the protest movement nationally and in Wisconsin through discussion

3. The Peace Movement Most protestors were white, middle class
Group that became protestors for the first time over Vietnam:
COLLEGE STUDENTS

4. -Why do you think protests were more
successful with that group?

5. Were college deferments unfair?
Many African Americans considered college deferments (exemptions from the draft) to be unfair because most African Americans could not afford to go to or stay in college

6. Arguments against further U.S. involvement in Vietnam

7. Tactics of the Movement:

8. UW-Madison October 1967
Student protests against DOW Chemical Company (made Napalm) and the Army Recruiting Center that was on campus
Gained national attention

11. UW-Madison Sterling Hall, 1970
Army Math Research Center was bombed by four people with a truck bomb
Impact:

12. Sterling Hall

15. Karl Armstrong was arrested in February, 1972 in Toronto and was sentence to 23 years in prison; He served seven years of his sentence; He runs a juice cart in Madison today
Dwight Armstrong was arrested in Toronto in April, 1977; Sentenced to seven years in prison and served three; Died of lung cancer in June, 2010 at the age of 58

16. David Fine fled to Canada and later returned to the U. S
David Fine fled to Canada and later returned to the U.S.; He was arrested in San Rafael, CA in January, 1976; Sentenced to seven years in prison and served three
Leo Burt fled to Canada with Fine, they separated; He has never been captured

19. Kent State May, 1970
Ohio college students were protesting the invasion of Cambodia and National Guard troops fired into the crowd killing four and wounding nine
There had been recent violence associated with the protests
The actual reason the Guardsmen opened fire is still debated
Some Guardsmen were indicted but charges were dismissed; Ohio did settle a lawsuit for wrongful death

20. Kent State

21. Kent State

22. Events that led to an increase in protests of the war
My Lai Massacre (Nov. 1969):
Led many Americans to turn on the soldiers
and call them “baby killers”
Tet Offensive (Jan. 1968):
Major offensive by the Vietcong into S.
Vietnam at a time the U.S. government said
the war was almost over—The offensive failed
(U.S. troops pushed the Vietcong back), but it
increased the “Credibility Gap” (people did not
believe what the government said about the war)

23. Nixon’s invasions into Cambodia (April 1970):
Illegal because they were not authorized by
Congress and crossed into sovereign nations
not involved in the war
Release of the Pentagon Papers (1971):
Former government worker Daniel Ellsberg
released papers that proved the government
had been lying to the people about Vietnam