2. Negligence （疏忽）
When a person owes a duty of care to another and breaches that duty which cause damage (physical/emotional and consequential ecomonic loss) to that other person.

3. Neighbour Principle
Law of torts (侵權行為法) imposes a duty to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which can be reasonably foreseen as likely to injure a neighbour
“neighbours” means persons so closely affected by the acts that these persons ought reasonably to be in my contemplation as being so affected when I am about to do those acts : Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932)

4. Man Manufacturer X Ladyfriend X Retailer Contract Tort Consumer
(Neighbour)

5. What a victim （受害人） has to prove（證明）?
Duty of Care (謹慎責任) (owed to P (原告人))
Breach of Duty (失職)
Damages suffered by the victim
Causation (因果關係)
Damages are NOT too Remote

6. Question
&
Answer

7. THANK YOU! 多謝！
Mr. Godwin K.H.Chan
陳國雄律師