1. 5 TH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS DAWOOD ALYAMI 1

2. Contents What are Cephalosporins History of Cephalosporins Mechanism of action Generation of Cephalosporins 5th generation of Cephalosporins – Ceftobiprole –Ceftaroline –Ceftolozane 2

3. What are Cephalosporins 3

4. A class of β -lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as "Cephalosporium". Inhibit wide variety of gram(+) and gram(-) bacteria. 4 Contents

5. History of cephalosporins Cephalosporium acremonium from a sewer in Sardinia in 1945 by Italian scientist Giuseppe Brotzu. Were first sold in 1964 5

6. Mechanism of action Disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer forming the bacterial cell wall. Beta-lactam antibiotics mimic the D-Ala-D-Ala site, thereby irreversibly inhibiting PBP crosslinking of peptidoglycan. 7

7. Generation of Cephalosporins 8

8. 5thgeneration of Cephalosporins developed in the lab to specifically target against resistant strains of bacteria. 9

9. Members of 5 th Generation 10 Ceftobiprole Ceftaroline Ceftolozane

10. Ceftobiprole 11 Ceftobiprole is effective against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), excluding ventilator- associated pneumonia (VAP), and community- acquired pneumonia (CAP) It is mainly excreted renally.

11. Ceftaroline With activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram(+) and aerobic gram(-) bacteria. Associated with skin and respiratory infections. Also has activity against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia. 13

14. FDA has approved Ceftaroline Fosamil under the trade name Teflaro. Indicated for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) Also for the treatment of community-acquied bacterial pneumonia (CABP)  Caused by s usceptible Gram+ and Gram- microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus agalactiae, E-coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca.  Caused by susceptible Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases with concurrent bacteremia), Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and E-coli. 15

15. Ceftolozane (Zerbaxa) Anew option for treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (cIAI), and Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI). Is combined with the β - lactamase inhibitor tazobactam, as multi- drug resistant bacterial infections will generally show resistance to all β -lactam antibiotics unless this enzyme is inhibited. 16

16. Thanks For Your Attention 18