1. Traffic Control
EMU CERT

2. When to use it Vehicle Incidents Temporary Road Closures Detours
Flooding
Fire
Storm Damage
Special Events
Detours

3. U.S. Highway Crashes
Leading cause of death for people age 3 through 33 in the US.
About 33,963 deaths per year
About 93 deaths per day
About 1 death every 15 minutes
2009 Traffic Safety facts

4. Who is at risk Responders Public Victims of the crash/incident
“motoring public” in traffic backlogs/detours
Other road users
Victims of the crash/incident
1 lane of closure for 20 minutes = $10,000 in lost revenue

5. Uniform Safety Green Reflective Vest Closed Toe Shoes Whistle
Flashlight with Wand at night

6. Pedestrian in Dark Clothes at Night
Uniform
Pedestrian in Dark Clothes at Night

7. Uniform – Garment Classes
Three classes of high-visibility safety apparel.
Garments that cover the torso, such as safety vests, are intended to meet Class 1 or Class 2 requirements.
Class 3 covers full body

8. Class 1 Garments
Intended for use in activities that permit the wearer’s full and undivided attention to approaching traffic. There should be ample separation of the worker from traffic, which should be traveling no faster than 25 miles per hour.
Parking lot attendants; People retrieving shopping carts from parking lots

9. Class 2 Garments
Intended for use in activities where greater visibility is necessary during inclement weather conditions or in work environments with risks that exceed those for Class 1 or perform tasks that divert their attention from approaching traffic, or that put them in close proximity to passing vehicles traveling faster than 25 mph.

10. Class 3 Garments
The highest level of visibility in the ANSI standard, and are intended for workers who face serious hazards and often have high task loads that require attention away from their work. Garments for these workers should provide enhanced visibility to more of the body, such as the arms and legs.

11. Uniform
Which one is brighter, again in daylight

12. Uniform Responder in NFPA Compliant Turnout Gear
Responder in NFPA – Compliant Turnout Gear and ANSI Class 3 vest
Responder in Navy Blue Duty Uniform

13. Driver Expectancy Stopping Sight Distance Two Components
The distance traveled from the time a driver first detects the need to stop until the vehicle actually stops.
Two Components
Perception/Reaction Distance
Braking/Skidding Distance

14. Perception/Reaction Distance
Distance travelled by a vehicle from the instant a driver sees an object to the instant the brakes are applied.

15. What’s the Typical Driver’s Perception/ Reaction Time?
0.5 seconds 1.0 seconds 1.5 seconds 2.0 seconds 2.5 seconds 4.0 seconds Be prepared for drivers who don’t stop…
As much as 2.5 seconds

16. Perception/Reaction Time
At 60 mph, how far will a car travel during perception/reaction time?
60 mph = 88 feet/second
In 2.5 seconds,
Distance = 220 feet

17. A vehicle will travel the following distances in 2.5 seconds…
Mph
Feet 10 37 20 74 30
110 40
147 50
184 60
202 65
239 75
276
Almost the length of a football field!

18. Braking Distance
Distance traveled by a vehicle from the instant the brakes lock up until the vehicle stops.

19. A vehicle will skid the following distances…
Mph
Feet 10 7 20 38 30 86 40
154 50
240 60
346 75
540
Distances are for wet weather conditions.

20. Perception + Braking =
Mph
Feet 10 45 20
115 30
200 40
305 50
425 60
570 75
820
Almost 3 times the length of a football field!

21. At night – How far can you see headlights?
100 feet
200 feet
1000 feet
½ mile
1 mile
5 miles
10 miles

22. At night – How far away can you see headlights?
Using low beams
100 feet 200 feet 1000 feet ½ mile 1 mile 5 miles 10 miles
300 feet with high beams

23. Flagger Fundamentals
Primary function is to provide safety for incident response personnel, motorists and pedestrians traveling through area.
Flaggers are responsible for life safety.
Flaggers must stop traffic intermittently and maintain flow at reduced speeds.

24. Flagger Fundamentals Flagger must be CLEARLY seen by:
Standing out from the background
Standing at a distance sufficient to permit driver response and speed reduction time

25. Flagger Position Primary concern of your safety! Visible
In advance of incident area or at intersection
Away from roadway obstructions – uncluttered.

26. Flagger Position Use shoulder adjacent to traffic. Have escape route
In intersection, stand in center of intersection only if accompanied by professional.
Have escape route
Stand alone (unless working in tandem)
Face oncoming traffic
Watch for turns
Above all, be seen and be safe!

27. Hands, Tools and Gear In traffic control you may use: Hand signals
Whistles
Voice commands
Flashlights, flares
Cones, barricades
Or even a vehicle

28. Hand Signals Art of the Hand Signal Make eye contact with the driver
Give only one direction at a time

29. Hand Signals
STOP
Point – arm and finger extended – look straight driver
Hold until driver sees
Raise pointing hand so palm is toward driver
Hold this position until driver stops

30. Hand Signals STOP two directions
Stop traffic coming form one direction first
Hold hand in stop position, turn to other side – repeat
Don’t lower either arm until both lanes have stopped

31. Hand Signals
START
Place yourself so one side is toward traffic to be started:
Point with arm and finger toward first car
With palm up, swing hand up and over chin, bending arm at elbow
After traffic starts from one side, turn to other side and repeat

32. Hand Signals KEEP MOVING
Continue using same hand signal for slow or timid

33. Hand Signals – Turns Stop traffic in lanes car is to cross Left Turn:
Give stop signal with right arm to stop traffic in lane being crossed
Hold stop signal with right arm and give turning gesture with left arm
Right Turn:
Turn around to face in direction car is to go
Halt traffic with right arm and give turning gesture with left arm

34. Hand Signals In a intersection with only one lane in each direction:
Left turners can block traffic
While driver is waiting, signal driver into middle of intersection
Point at driver, motion to move forward and point to place where you want them to stop
Permit left turn when safe

35. The Whistle
Who keeps a whistle in their CERT Gear?

36. The Whistle Whistle use: One long blast with “stop” command
Two short blast with the “start” command
Several shot blasts to get the “attention” of a driver
A short, intermittent, blast to “keep the traffic moving”

37. Voice Commands Seldom heard in traffic
Hand signals and whistles are most efficient
Shouted orders may antagonize a driver
When a driver or pedestrian don’t understand a command, move closer to them and explain

38. Flashlights Flashlights can be used to direct traffic at night
Flashlights with colored extensions work for evening, foggy or rainy weather

39. Flashlights Don’t stand directly in front of approaching vehicle
Direct Traffic
Halt Traffic
Don’t stand directly in front of approaching vehicle
Swing the flashlight at arm’s length across the path of the approaching vehicle
Avoid blinding the driver with flashlight beam
Allow flashlight beam to wash across the pavement as an elongated moving spot
Use a traffic cone to enhance safety
Once traffic has stopped, step in front of car and guide next lane of traffic

40. Flares
Flares can be used to warn oncoming traffic in situations where hazards are:
On shoulder or side of road
In a traffic lane
Night or day

41. Flares DO NOT USE: Around flammable liquids or solids
In a hazardous environmental areas such as dry grasses
Do not lay against traffic dots or on top of painted lane markings

42. Thank you! Sgt. David Willat, Sonoma Community College CERT
University of Kentucky, Kentucky Transportation Center