1. Chapter 1 - Three Societies on the Verge of Contact
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2. Learning Outcomes
List and explain factors associated with food security and food insecurity.
Understand the causes and consequences of food insecurity.
List and explain factors that contribute to global food insecurity.
Learn about ways you can take action against food insecurity.

3. Adequate food produced in the world
What Is Food Security?
Persistent hunger
793 million people worldwide
Affects people in every country
Food security
Able to obtain sufficient nutritious food
Food insecurity
Poverty, war, natural disaster
Degrees
Adequate food produced in the world

4. Varied responses to food insecurity
What Is Food Security?
Varied responses to food insecurity
Feelings
Family dynamics
Social interactions
Food insecurity exists when a
household does not have access to
sufficient amounts of food.

5. Prevalence of food insecurity in United States
What Is Food Security?
Prevalence of food insecurity in United States
Average: about $50 per person per week for food
Food availability and access
Low food security
Very low food security
Groups at greatest risk for hunger

6. What Is Food Security? Poverty
Is not only a problem among the unemployed
Households with income above the poverty line also experience food insecurity

7. Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities
What Is Food Security?
Food insecurity
Living location
Race and ethnicity
Head of household
Single moms
Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities
Food desert
Adverse health outcomes

8. 15.1 State-Level Prevalence of Food Insecurity
Rates of food insecurity vary considerably among U.S. states.
Source: Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Christian Gregory, and Anita Singh. Household Food Security in the
United States in 2014, ERR-194, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, September 2015.

9. What Are the Consequences of Food Insecurity?
Mothers
Children
Most significant long-term effects
School difficulties
Standardized tests and absences
Behavioral problems
Depression
Suicide
Older adults

10. What Are the Consequences of Food Insecurity?
Food-based assistance in the United States
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
EBT cards
USDA
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
WIC-approved, nutrient-dense foods

11. What Are the Consequences of Food Insecurity?
Food-based assistance in the the United States
Other federally funded programs
National School Lunch Program
School Breakfast Program
Privately funded programs
Food banks
Food pantry
Food kitchen
Food recovery program

12. TABLE 15.1 Selected Federally-Funded Food Assistance Programs
Program Major Objective
Child and Adult Care Food
Program (CACFP)
Provides aid to child and adult care institutions and
family or group daycare homes for the provision of
nutritious foods that contribute to the wellness, healthy
growth, and development of young children, as well as
the health and wellness of older adults and chronically
impaired disabled persons.
Expanded Food and Nutrition
Education Program (EFNEP)
Assists low-income people in acquiring the knowledge,
skills, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to maintain
nutritionally balanced diets. Contributes to personal
development and the improvement of the total family
diet and nutritional well-being.
Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program (SNAP)
Offers nutrition assistance to millions of eligible lowincome
individuals and families, while providing
economic benefits to communities; previously
referred to as the Food Stamp Program.
Head Start and Early Head Start
Programs
Promotes school readiness and enhance the social
and cognitive development of children by providing
educational, health, nutritional, social, and other
services to enrolled children and families.
National School Lunch, School
Breakfast, Fresh Fruit and
Vegetable, Special Milk, and
Summer Food Service Programs
Provides children from low-income families with nutritious
meals, including fresh fruits, vegetables, and milk,
for free or at reduced cost, both during the school year
and summer.
Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants,
and Children (WIC)
Provides supplemental foods, health care referrals,
and nutrition education to low-income pregnant,
breastfeeding, and nonbreastfeeding postpartum
women, and to infants and children (up to five years
old) who are found to be at nutritional risk.

13. What Causes Worldwide Hunger and Malnutrition?
About 795 million people worldwide do not have enough to eat
Although humanitarian aid agencies try to meet the needs of those
living in refugee camps, their efforts cannot match the immense
needs for food, water, and medicine.

14. 15.2 International Prevalence of Food Insecurity
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. State of food insecurity in the world Available at:

15. What Causes Worldwide Hunger and Malnutrition?
Factors contributing to food insecurity
Political unrest
Urbanization
Production, procurement, and distribution
Composition of diets
Population growth
Gender inequality
Educational and employment opportunities

16. What Causes Worldwide Hunger and Malnutrition?
Consequence of food insecurity
Undernutrition
Short- and long-term effects
Overnutrition
Forms
Nutrient deficiencies
Iron, iodine, vitamin A
Energy deficiency
A ready-to-use therapeutic food is a
nutrient-dense, high-quality protein
product that has a long shelf life.
The use of RUTFs has been credited
with saving the lives of millions of
children around the world.

17. What Causes Worldwide Hunger and Malnutrition?
Individual consequences
Pregnancy
Low-birth-weight baby
High death rate among young children and infants
Worsen adverse effects of disease
Growth and development for children
Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF)

18. What Causes Worldwide Hunger and Malnutrition?
Societal consequences
Economic growth
Standard of living
International organizations
United Nations
Conditional cash-transfer program
U.S. Peace Corps
Heifer International
Living loans

19. What Can You Do to Alleviate Food Insecurity?
Factors influencing food insecurity
Improve food availability and access
Influential economic and social circumstances
Take action against hunger

20. 15.3 United Nation’s 2015 Millennium Development Goals
As the era of these Millennium Development goals
comes to an end in 2016, the UN will launch its 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Global partnership for development

21. Key Terms Low food security Conditional cash- transfer program
National School Lunch Program
School Breakfast Program
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Urbanization
U.S. Peace Corps
Very low food security
Conditional cash- transfer program
Food bank
Food desert
Food insecurity
Food kitchen
Food pantry
Food recovery program
Food security