1. Psychology 3314 Psychology of Personality

2. Your instructor: Dr. William Ickes
Distinguished Professor of Psychology
Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin
Office: Room 510 Life Science
tickets
tickets = ickes

3. Intellectual ancestry of William Ickes
William James
Franz Brentano
Herman Lotze
James R. Angell
Carl Stumpf
John B. Watson
Kurt Lewin
Karl Lashley
Leon Festinger
C. P. Stone
Jack Brehm
Harry Harlow
Abraham Maslow
Elliot Aronson
Robert Wicklund
William Ickes
His Students

4. Textbooks

5. Chapter 1 What Is Personality?

6. Human personality is complicated

7. Influences on behavior that are commonly studied by personality and social psychologists
Internal (Dispositional)
External (Situational)
Stable
psychological traits
temperaments
personal attitudes, beliefs, and values
situational factors
emotional environment
stable local norms, beliefs, and values
Unstable
psychological states
moods
short-term preferences
and whims
situational flux, chance events
current emotional climate
unstable local norms, beliefs, and values

8. Four major themes in personality research
There are substantial individual differences in the way people act, think, and feel, even when they are in the “same” situation.
Despite these differences between people, individuals display substantial cross-temporal and cross-situational consistency in their own behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. This is relative consistency, not absolute consistency.
Individuals are also self-aware agents who develop self-concepts which they use to guide and regulate their own behavior.
Personality displays both continuity and change across the lifespan.

9. Situations and dispositions both affect behavior Example: the number of smiles in two different situations
Participant
Party
Funeral
Sue 84 17
Eddie 65 15
Carlos 51 11
Anna 46 8
Linda 40 6
John 33 4
Mary 27 3
Frank 22

10. There is room for both situational and dispositional (i. e
There is room for both situational and dispositional (i.e., individual difference) factors to influence behavior.

11. Four major themes in personality research
There are substantial individual differences in the way people act, think, and feel, even when they are in the “same” situation.
Despite these differences between people, individuals display substantial cross-temporal and cross-situational consistency in their own actions, thoughts, and feelings.
Individuals are also self-aware agents who develop self-concepts which they use to guide and regulate their own behavior.
Personality displays both continuity and change across the lifespan.

12. Your instructor at different ages

13. Four major themes in personality research
There are substantial individual differences in the way people act, think, and feel, even when they are in the “same” situation.
Despite these differences between people, individuals display substantial cross-temporal and cross-situational consistency in their own actions, thoughts, and feelings.
Individuals are also self-aware agents who develop self-concepts which they use to guide and regulate their own behavior.
Personality displays both continuity and change across the lifespan.

14. Six approaches to the study of personality
The psychoanalytic approach
The classic psychoanalytic approach (Freud)
The neo-Freudians (Adler, Jung, Erickson, Horney)
The trait approach (Allport, Cattell, Eysenck)
The biological approach (Eysenck, Plomin)
The humanistic approach (Rogers, Maslow)
The behavioral/social learning approach
Behaviorism (Watson, Thorndike, Skinner)
Social learning theory (Rotter, Bandura)
The cognitive approach (Kelly, Mischel, Beck, Ellis)

16. Explaining behavior using the six approaches: The blind men and elephant metaphor
Explaining aggressive behavior
Psychoanalytic, trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive explanations
Explaining depressive behavior

17. Personality and culture
Individualistic and collectivistic cultures
Identity
Self-esteem
Definition of success
Independence versus interdependence with others

18. The six approaches to personality: comparisons and contrasts
Genetic Environmental Influence Influence ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ _ Biological Trait Psychoanalytic Humanistic Behavioral / Social Learning Cognitive Unaware of Conscious of Determinants Determinants ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ _ Psychoanalytic Behavioral / Social Learning Trait Humanistic Cognitive Biological Determinism Free Will ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ _ Behavioral / Psychoanalytic Trait Cognitive Humanistic Social Learning Biological

19. The four aspects of each approach to the study of personality
Theory
Assessment
Research
Application