1. Chapter 12: Northern & Southern Europe Pg. 363-392

2. Scandinavia Norway Sweden Finland Denmark Iceland
Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)

3. Norway’s Physical Geography
Reaches into the Arctic Circle
Glaciers
Fjords – flooded glacial valleys
“Land of the Midnight Sun”
Winter – sun shines 2 hrs/day
Summer – sun shines 20+ hrs/day
4 minute video of drone over Norway and Iceland

4. Norway’s Human Geography
Population: 5 million (75% live near the coast in cities)
Economy: Wealthy with lots of oil & natural gas, fishing industry using trawlers – ships that tow large nets
Government: parliamentary democracy with a monarchy
Capital: Oslo

5. Scandinavian Vikings in the AD 700s
Seafaring pirates and invaders in Northern Europe
Sailed longships across the Atlantic Ocean and up European rivers to raid cities
Followed pagan religions with many gods and ancient myths
11 minute John Green crash course on Vikings history – start 40 seconds in – first part is a waste…

6. Norwegian Culture Skiing, snowmobiling Food: Fish, almond cookies
Salmon, Kransekake, rommegrot

7. Sweden Wealthy, industrialized Welfare capitalism
Lots of natural resources (iron, lumber)
Welfare capitalism
high taxes to provide services to people who are sick, needy, jobless, or retired
Constitutional monarchy
Capital: Stockholm
Population: 10 million (mostly in southern cities)
The Royal Family of Sweden is very popular among Swedes and liked by everyone. They consists of King Carl XVI Gustaf, born 1946, Queen Silvia, born 1943, Crown Princess Victoria, born 1977, Prince Carl Philip, born 1979, and Princess Madeleine, born 1982.

8. Finland Lumber – spruce, pine, & birch forests in the north
Heavy industry – manufacturing machinery
Most Finns are of Russian ancestry, not Scandinavian
Capital: Helsinki
Population: 5.5 million (live in towns on the southern coast)

9. Finland’s Culture Cross-country skiing
Saunas – wooden rooms heated by water sizzling on hot stones
6-min Online textbook video – start at 3:20 -5:54 to just watch about reindeer
They decided to invest heavily in teacher recruitment and teacher preparation. By design, they made the colleges of education a highly elite program where only the top university students were accepted with all expenses paid.
There is a one-year residency under a top teacher for graduates. All teachers have master’s degrees related to their teaching assignments. They make it impossible to hire a bad teacher.
There are no fast-track, short-cut, temporary teachers. There is no Teach for Finland. Trust is the key word that comes from politicians, parents, academicians, and unions – after a top notch teacher training for top ranked students; trust rules.
And they put in the hands of these skilled, career educators the tools, technology and time to collaborate, design, intervene and assess instruction, teaching and learning on the school building level. (There are no state standardized tests except for the one at the end of 6th grade to guide intensive support to students to learn and the other at the end of high school to determine placement in higher education should you choose to attend.)
They have the support staff they need to personalize the learning experience with tutors and nurses and psychologists and librarians and counselors.
The principals in these schools are teachers, and they are required to teach at least one class. They are colleagues with the faculty and staff. The parents and students are included in the learning process. There is a natural bridge – a true relationship – between home and school.
The design is comprehensive. Universal preschool is available to all, and well over 90% of families take advantage of it. For high school students who qualify, universities and trade schools are free. Students know that if they work hard, high education is waiting for them. None of their families lose sleep, as our families do, over crushing college debt.

10. Denmark’s Physical Geography
Peninsula (Jutland)
& 500 islands
Controls Greenland (used to own Iceland too!)

11. Denmark’s Human Geography
Capital: Copenhagen
Population: 6 million
Government: parliamentary democracy w/ monarchy
Economy: rich farmland, porcelain, & LEGOs!
High Standard of living
Share Mary’s stories about the Danish wedding, high taxes on cars, butter

12. Fun Fact about Denmark Famous Writer: Hans Christian Anderson
The Little Mermaid
The Emperor’s New Clothes
The Princess & the Pea
The Ugly Duckling
These include "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Snow Queen", "The Little Mermaid", "Thumbelina", "The Little Match Girl", and "The Ugly Duckling". "The Emperor's New Clothes", and "The Princess and the Pea"

13. Iceland’s Physical Geography
Lots of volcanic activity!
Geysers
Springs that shoot hot water & steam into the air
Use geothermal energy for heat
Heat produced by natural
underground sources
Glaciers
Only 25% of land has
vegetation!
In Iceland, only 1%of land is considered arable and cultivation is possible only on that area. Only a quarter of the country is covered with vegetation and just about 1% in that is covered with trees!

14. Iceland’s Human Geography
Capital: Reykjavik
Population: 344,000 (94% live in cities)
Economy: Fishing
Religion: Lutheran
RAY kyah VEEK Reykjavik, which means ‘Smoky Bay’. population of approximately 206,000 people.
The literacy rate of Iceland is 99.9%. This is attributed to the fact that education is compulsory for children aged between 7-16 years. The literacy rate of Iceland is the highest in the world.
Many Icelanders believe in elves.  Certain roads have been re-routed to avoid disturbing areas where elves are thought to live.