1. Thursday March 2nd 2017.
Pick up your spirals/folders from the front and clear your desk to finish grading the quiz.
We will grade the quiz, do bellwork, and take notes.
Bellwork next slide.

2. Bellwork: Fill in the blanks, everyone will read their answer.
For me to leave my home country it would take ____________________.
I would want to go to a new country that _________________________.

3. Immigration

4. Causes of 19th Century Immigration (Push-pull factors)
Push Factors
Overcrowded European cities
Crop failures (Irish Potato Famine caused mass starvation and killed 750,000)
Religious and political turmoil (failed German revolution)
Pull Factors
Religious and political freedom (democracy)
Economic opportunity (California Gold Rush attracted Chinese immigrants)
Industrial Revolution created factory jobs
Abundance of low cost land (westward expansion)
North vs. South
Most immigrants were attracted to the industrial North
Employment opportunities in factories/mills
Slave labor resulted in limited job opportunities for immigrants in the South

8. Major Cultural Groups Group Location Cultural Influence Irish
Irish Potato Famine
Mostly North
Major cities like Boston
Catholicism, transcontinental railroad
Germans
Largest group of 19th century
Pennsylvania, Wisconsin
(also Texas)
kindergarten, polka music, meat curing, sausage making, Grimm Brothers’ fairy tales, some Christmas traditions
Other Europeans
English, French, Italians, Swedes, Norwegians, Scottish
mostly North
place names, food, traditions
Chinese
“Economic boom” in the West
Gold Rush then Railroad
mostly California
transcontinental railroad, food, traditions
African Americans
Few free, most enslaved
Free have few or no rights
Free: mostly North
Enslaved: southern states; mostly Deep South with cotton plantations
food, music (gospel, blues), celebrations (Juneteenth), civil rights participation (20th century)
Mexican Americans
Former Spanish or Mexican citizens
Southwest
place names, vocabulary, Catholicism, food, arts
Native Americans
In America long before Europeans
Vast majority relocated to reservations (Oklahoma)

9. Barriers
Poverty: Many immigrants spent their money passage to America and arrived with nothing
Employment: Influx of immigrants resulted in more workers than jobs (immigrants work for lower wages)
Poverty-stricken immigrants had to live off lower wages
Urbanization: Overcrowded cities resulted in scarcity of jobs, housing, and food
Unemployment, crime, and disease were rampant
Nativism
Many U.S.-born American citizens saw immigrants as a threat to their economic opportunities
Many Protestant Americans saw Irish (and some German) Catholics as being anti-American
Know-Nothings: Secret nativist organization
Harassed immigrants, denied employment, kept them out of politics
“Help Wanted; Irish Need Not Apply”
Ethnic Neighborhoods: Immigrants tended to establish their own neighborhoods
Provided support for their people through housing, jobs, and language

14. Barriers
Non-immigrant cultural groups (Faced prejudice, mistreatment, and injustice)
Mexican Americans
Had property seized after the U.S.-Mexican War and during the Gold Rush
Native Americans
Murdered, forced off homelands, relocated, decimated by spread of Anglo diseases
Enslaved Blacks
Beaten; labor exploited; freedom withheld
Denied basic rights: voting, education, and equality
Families divided by slave trade
Free Blacks
Though not enslaved, they usually were denied basic rights even in free states
Subject to kidnapping in Free states and being sold into slavery

15. Impact Industrial Revolution Northern population growth
Influx of immigrants allowed businesses to expand the labor force
Northern population growth
Immigration caused population to grow rapidly in northern states
North acquires greater political power in Congress
Transcontinental Railroad
Most work done by Irish and Chinese immigrants
Cultural identity
American culture has been influenced by many different cultures in many different ways
Language, food, customs, music, stories, and traditions