1. Warm Up – January 10
Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper:
1. Who were the Vietcong? What individual was their leader?
2. Who was the leader in South Vietnam that was viewed as weak and corrupt? What did the US approve of because of this?
3. What reasons were given by those that were opposed to US involvement in the Vietnam War?
4. What was the Tet Offensive? What did it show about the Vietcong?
5. Why did President Nixon want to gradual withdrawal troops from the conflict in Vietnam instead of taking them out right away?
6. What was the result of the Vietnam War?

2. World History Final Exam
Monday – January 14th in this room
43 Multiple Choice Questions (38 of them count)
20% of your final grade
Tomorrow – Practice Exam

3. QUESTION # 6
How did the printing revolution contribute to increase global interaction?
A. By making texts available to broader audiences, leading to the spread of new ideas
B. By creating interchangeable parts that made repairing the printing press easier
C. By mass producing the press to make it available to small towns
D. By using color to gain the interest of more people

4. QUESTION # 7 Effects of the Plague (Black Death)
Europe lost a third of its population.
Labor shortages brought higher wages for many workers.
Peasants left their manors, weakening the feudal system.

5. QUESTION # 7
Which conclusion about effects of the plague can be drawn from the listed information?
A Catastrophic events can trigger changes in human institutions.
B Tragic events strengthen religion as people seek answers in their faith.
C People seek the comfort of traditional, familiar ways following traumatic events.
D Societies flourish during many types of disasters and epidemics.

6. QUESTION # 8
Which is an effect of European exploration of the Americas?
A Germany extended its New World empire.
B Spain dominated North and South America.
C Africans were enslaved to work in mines and on plantations.
D American Indians maintained resistance to African and Eurasian diseases.

7. QUESTION # 9
What was a significant result of European exploration through the Columbian Exchange?
A. Europeans became dependent on crops from America.
B. The bubonic plague spread throughout Europe.
C. European diseases caused millions of deaths among American Indians.
D. Raw materials from America became very expensive due to scarcity.

8. QUESTION # 10
How did the new ideas and scientific advances of the Renaissance challenge the Catholic Church?
A New Renaissance universities, which emphasized scientific research, gave most citizens educational opportunities that challenged the religious institutions.
B Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from religious institutions.
C New merchant guilds formed by the middle class owed allegiance to the leaders of the Renaissance rather than the Catholic Church.
D Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific advances of the Renaissance that were supported by the Catholic Church.

9. World History
The End of The Cold War

10. Race for the H-Bomb 1949 - Soviet Union tested atomic bomb
Truman vs Stalin race for the H-bomb – hydrogen bomb
67x more destructive than the atomic bomb
Nov. 1, 1952 – US tested first H-bomb
1953 – Soviets tested H-bomb

11. Space Race
US vs USSR desire for international power/prestige  Space Race
Who can get a man into outer space first
USSR victory – Oct. 4, 1957 – USSR launched Sputnik, first artificial satellite that took pictures of Earth as it orbited it
US increased space funding  Jan. 31, 1958 – US launched its first satellite

12. Policy of Brinkmanship
Brinkmanship – the willingness of the US to go to the edge of all-out nuclear war
US trimmed army/navy, expanded air force, increased nuclear weapon supply
Practiced in 1950s by presidents Truman and Eisenhower
Constant fear of nuclear warfare

13. John F Kennedy and the Cold War
JFK’s criticized Eisenhower and Republicans for…
Relying too heavily on nuclear weapons
Threatening to use nukes over minor conflicts
Allowing communism to spread to Cuba (too close to US)
JFK’s administration developed the flexible response policy – JFK’s defense strategy to fight a non-nuclear war
Increased defense spending on traditional military forces (non-nuclear forces) – army and navy
Created the Special Forces aka the Green Berets
Tripled the overall nuclear capabilities of the US (just in case)

14. Communism in Cuba
1959 – Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro led the rebellion to overthrow Cuban dictator – promised to rid Cuba of poverty and inequality
US suspicious but recognized new gov’t
Castro declared Cuba communist and welcomed aid from USSR
Land was nationalized (put under gov’t control)  US instituted economic trade sanctions

15. The Bay of Pigs
Early 1960 – CIA trained Cuban exiles for a Cuban invasion to overthrow Castro
April 17, 1961 – 1,500 Cuban exiles with support of US military invaded the Bay of Pigs  nothing went as planned
Air strike failed to knock out Cuban air force, CIA reported otherwise
Some troops never reached shore, those that did faced 25,000 Cuban troops and Soviet tanks/jets
Most exiles were killed or imprisoned
JFK looked incompetent, US embarrassed

16. Cuban Missile Crisis
“For a moment, the world had stood still and now it was going around again.” – Robert Kennedy
JFK criticized for practicing brinksmanship, Cuban exiles claimed the Democrats had “lost Cuba” and switched to the GOP
Castro banned all flights to and from the US

17. Berlin Wall
1961 – Too many East Berliners were fleeing to West Berlin  Soviets contemplated blockading West Berlin, but decided to build the Berlin Wall made of concrete topped with barbed wire
Berlin Wall contained communism from West Germany, but served as a symbol of communist oppression

18. Attempting to Ease Tensions
JFK and Khrushchev became aware of the gravity of split-second decisions that separated Cold War peace from nuclear disaster
both leaders searched for ways to decrease tensions
the establishment of a hot line between the White House and the Kremlin - enabled the leaders to communicate at once should a crisis arise
US and USSR agreed to a Limited Test Ban Treaty – prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space, or underwater

19. Jimmy Carter – Democrat (1976- 1980)

20. Jimmy Carter (D) –
Jimmy Carter (D) 1979 – Soviets invade Afghanistan
1980 – U.S. supports freedom fighters
Jimmy Carter (D) 1980 – U.S. boycotts Moscow Summer Olympics in protest
 Jimmy Carter (D) 1980 – “Miracle on Ice” occurs during Winter Olympics
U.S. defeats Soviet Union in Semifinal Hockey match – Soviets were heavy favorites to win

21. Ronald Reagan - Republican (1981-1989)

22. RONALD REAGAN (R) –
1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars initiated by President Reagan
1985 – Mikeal Gorbachev comes to power and introduces democratic (Glasnost) and Capitalism (Perestroika) reforms
 1988 – Soviets leave Afghanistan (beaten & frustrated)
1989 – Berlin Wall falls; S.U. loses its satellite nations
1989 – Tiananmen Square Massacre in China
Student led Demonstrations – Democratic protests against the government of China
troops with assault rifles and tanks killed at least several hundred demonstrators trying to block the military's advance towards Tiananmen Square.

25. George HW Bush – Republican – 1989-1993

26. GEORGE BUSH (R) –
George Bush Sr. (R) 1991 – Soviet Union collapses
1991 – Russia elects Boris Yeltsin to lead new democracy
No more Soviet Union means no more Cold War. Capitalism wins and Communism loses!

27. TOD: January 10 Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper:
1. How was JFK’s policy during the Cold War different than Eisenhower’s?
2. What kind of government took over Cuba? Who was their leader?
3. What was the purpose of the Bay of Pigs? How did it make JFK look incompetent?
4. What event was the closest the U.S. and Soviet Union ever came to nuclear war?
5. How did the Soviet economic policies of glasnost and perestroika signal the Cold War was coming to an end?