1. Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology
Human Anatomy & Physiology Hey…I thought those were the same thing! Nope…they ain’t
Anatomy-Where everything is and to what it is connected.
Physiology-How all that stuff works to keep you alive!
Morphology-How structures are related to each other.
Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology

2. Let’s Start with an Overview of each. Here’s how we’ll do it…
#. The name of the system.
The major function.
The major organs, tissues, and or fluids.
A cool picture…well…one that I think is cool…you may prefer another…that’s your prerogative of course.
SUPER-IMPORTANT: How these systems work together to allow the entire organism (YOU) to function!
Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology

3. Human Anatomy & Physiology…The Biology of YOU Me too!
Anatomy v Physiology…Battle of the words that end with Y!
Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts.
Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole.
Recognize the theme? Structure and Function…DESIGN!!!!!
Here is how we will break it down…nine systems…here they are…
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Digestive
Excretory
Endocrine
Immune

4. The Skeletal System Support and protection for internal organs
Structural support that works with skeletal muscles to allow movement.
Stores minerals such as Calcium and Phosphates.
Red Marrow produces red blood cells and white blood cells (lymphocytes)-at the end of a bone.
Yellow marrow stores fat-in the middle of the bone.
Ligaments-Attach bones to other bones.
Tendons-Attach muscles to bones.
Cartilage-flexible connective tissue that protects moving surfaces of bones that meet. Also provides structure in some places (ex. rib cage).
Compact bone-outer layers and shafts of long bones.
Spongy bone-ends of bones and inside of irregular shapes.

5. Just so ya know… t there’s 206 bones, so no… t that’s not all of ‘em

6. Synovial Joints…uhhh…they can move freely.
Ball & Socket: hips.
Hinge Joints: Knees
Pivot Joints: Neck between C1 and C2 vertebrae
Gliding Joints: between the carpals and metacarpals of the palm or the tarsals in the foot.
Saddle Joints: base of your thumb…gives us…opposable thumbs. YAY
Condyloid Joints: a dome shaped part fits into a cup- shaped part…wrist and knuckles.

7. Can You Identify the types of joints?

8. The Muscular System
This is a system that is made up of three types of muscle tissue:
Smooth Muscle: like the ones in the digestive system. These are part of organs that contract to move food such as the stomach and esophagus.
Skeletal Muscle: attach to bone (by tendons…right?) and they contract and relax to allow the body to move.
Cardiac Muscle: The heart…it’s pretty important. Pumps blood by contracting and relaxing.

9. Here’s how skeletal muscles work to move you…and your stuff.

10. These are some of them, and this is why we don’t try to learn the names of all of our muscles in the 7th grade. Don’t agree…fine…learn away

11. Nervous System Components
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves (axons, dendrites, synapses)
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Enteric Nervous System
7. Somatic Nervous System

12. Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology
3. Nervous System
Control and communication. It transmits nerve impulses throughout the body. This can be voluntary (you think about it…and do it) or involuntary (when’s the last time you thought, “Gee…I really oughta tell my heart to beat again.”)
Central Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord, nerves. Peripheral Nervous System: sensory neurons, ganglia, and other nerves.
Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology

13. 1. The Nervous System…Hey…You’d be Nervous too with that kind of responsibility!
This consists of the brain, spinal cord, & neurons (nerve cells).
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) analyzes sensory input and enables you to respond. It has two primary components:
The spinal cord: signal path between the brain & body. Additionally it controls simple reflexes without processing through the brain.
The brain: sensory input and body function (consciously and unconsciously). Performs higher functions as well…thought, feeling, maintenance of homeostatic balance.

14. 2. Peripheral Nervous System: The nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord (CNS) to the organs and limbs. It has two main parts… 1. Autonomic Nervous System: regulates the functions of internal organs such as the heart, stomach and intestines. The ANS is divided into three parts: -Sympathetic nervous system-homeostasis, fight-or-flight emergency response. -Parasympathetic nervous system-controls body’s resting functions. -Enteric nervous system-specifically controls gastrointestinal functions. 2. The Somatic Nervous System: this is the VOLUNTARY nervous system. You know…the one that you use to smack your little brother when he’s bein’ a butt

15. This is your brain…or your neighbor’s if yer devoid

16. 2. Cardiovascular System: aka Circulatory System
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Right and left Atria
Right and left Ventricles
Aorta
Superior and inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein and artery
Blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, serum)

17. Functions: Transport O2 & CO2 Transport nutrients and remove waste Transport hormones and electrolytes Protect from pathogens Regulate body temperature

18. Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology
2.Respiratory System
Exchanges oxygen (in) and carbon dioxide (out) with the atmosphere.
Mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi, alveoli, diaphragm.
Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology

19. Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology
3. Digestive System
Break down food and absorb nutrients for transport in the blood for use by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair.
Mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small and large intestine, rectum, anus, gall bladder, pancreas, liver.
Mr. Blacher's 7th Grade Biology

20. Organ Systems 2. Circulatory System 3. Skeletal System
4. Respiratory System
5. Digestive System
6. Endocrine System
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Atria (Rt & Lft)
Ventricles (Rt & Lft)
Aorta
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein & Artery
Blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, serum)
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral Column
Humerus/Radius/Ulna
Carpals/Metacarpals/Phalanges
Femur/Tibia/Fibula
Patella
Tarsals/Metatarsals/Phalanges
Scapula
Clavicle
Joints: Ball & Socket/Hinge/Gliding/
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleura
Diaphragm
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum/Anus
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Thymus
Adrenal
Ovaries
Testis

21. 7. Muscular System
8. Immune System
9. Excretory System
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Rectus abdominis
Triceps
Biceps
Quadraceps
Gastrocnemus
Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph nodes/fluid
Bone marrow
Spleen
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
B-Lymphocyte
T-Lymphocyte
Erythrocyte
Thrombocyte
Macrophage
Dermis/Epidermis
Lungs
CO2
Lg Intestine/rectum/anus
Kidney
Nephron
Ureter
Urethra
Urinary Bladder
Urine