1. Warm-up What is ocean water made of?
What does this have to do with the density of the ocean water?

2. Monday, November 7, 2016 Warm-up
Density and Structure of the Ocean Notes
Section Review Problems.
Homework: Your project is due tomorrow.

3. Density Structure of the Ocean

4. Three Density Zones
Surface Zone (mixed layer)-Upper layer of the ocean
Temperature and salinity are constant because of mixing by wind and waves.
Top 100 meters (photic zone)
2% of ocean water by volume

5. Three Density Zones Pycnocline Zone-Middle layer of the ocean
Density increases rapidly with depth
18% of ocean water by volume
Depth varies with latitude.
Temperature drops rapidly in this zone (thermocline). Salinity increases rapidly (halocline).

6. Three Density Zones
Deep Zone-Deepest ocean layer extending to the ocean floor.
Relatively constant density
80% of ocean water by volume
Temperature and Salinity constant

8. Density, Temp., Salinity Changes with Depth

9. Pycnocline Zone in which density increases with increasing depth.
From 0-1,000 meters
Increasing density farther down as temperature gets colder.

10. Halocline Zone of rapid salinity increase or decrease with depth.
Often coincides with thermocline.

11. Thermocline Temperature changes rapidly with depth.
Both thermocline and halocline contribute to form pycnocline since temperature and salinity affect density.

12. Changes with Latitude

13. Chapter 15.1 Read section 15.1 Define vocabulary terms
Answer section Review Questions 1-5.

14. Thermohaline Circulation
Vertical water circulation in the oceans. Results in top-to-bottom exchange of water.
Driven by density (Density Currents)
Thermohaline: Thermo (temperature) Haline (Salinity).

18. Upwelling
Upwelling zones are areas where thermohaline circulation is upward toward the ocean surface.
Cold water and nutrients are brought to the surface.
Increased diversity of life in upwelling zones
Great fishing in upwelling zone.
Upwelling zones include areas of the west coast of California, west coast of South America, and South Africa.
Caused by wind blowing water off the surface and water moving upward to take its place.

19. Upwelling

20. Downwelling
Downwelling zones are areas where thermohaline circulation is downward.

21. Vertical Water Masses Surface Water: 0-200 meters
Central Water: To the bottom of the thermocline
Intermediate Water: to about 1,500 meters
Deep water: to about 4,000 meters
Bottom water: in contact with the seafloor

22. NADW: North Atlantic Deep Water:
-Forms at degrees north latitude
-34.9 PPT salinit
-2 to 4 degrees celsius
-Sinks and moves south
AABW: Antarctic Bottom Water (1,000 years to go from south pole to equator)
ppt salinity
- is -0.5 degrees celsius
AAIW: Antarctic Intermediate Water
-Forms at 40 degrees south
- is 5 degrees celcius and salinity of 34.4 ppt

23. Do Now What 3 factors Control Density: 1.) Temperature 2.) Salinity
3.) Pressure
Density increases with increasing salinity
Density increases with decreasing temperature.
Density increases with increasing pressure.
Density of oceans ranges from g/cm3 to g/cm3