1. Video: History & Rise of China
Mao to Now
Video: History & Rise of China

2. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Fall of the Qing Dynasty
Pu-Yi, last emperor
Loss of power due to Opium Wars and loss in Sino-Japanese War ( )
Japan’s imperialist tendencies on the rise
China forced to open treaty ports, give up territory
Anger at Qing Dynasty, → increasing Nationalism in China
1911, Nationalist Revolt → Republic of China
Sun Yixian provisional president
Mao Zedong
First Communist dictator of China.
He gained the support of peasants because he promised to provide them with their own land once the Communists were brought to power.

3. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Civil War in China
Chinese Communist Party founded in 1921
Conflict with Nationalists under Jiang Jieshi, from 1927
Long March , ~6000 miles
Communist retreat from Kuomintang forces
Endure starvation, bombardment, attacks
~85,000 start, ~8,000 finish
Re-establish Communist Party, Mao is undisputed leader

4. Communism in China (1949-Present)
After WWII, uneasy truce, but increased conflict
1949 Revolution → Communists win
China adopts Communism after 22 years of civil war
Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Mao Zedong
First Communist dictator of China.
He gained the support of peasants because he promised to provide them with their own land once the Communists were brought to power.

7. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Great Leap Forward
An attempt by Mao to modernize (update) the industrial (factory) and agricultural (farm) production of China.
Peasants forced to move onto large government farms.
Program was very similar to Five Year Plans and Collectivization in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin.
Both Mao and Stalin had a command economy (communism) in which the government owned businesses and farms, making all economic decisions.
Process led to an economic crisis

9. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Cultural Revolution
This was a period in China where Mao used violent young Communist soldiers, the Red Guards to eliminate all of the opposition he had within China.
Aimed to reassert his authority on Chinese Communist Party
Mobilized youth by shutting down schools
Red Guard would harass intellectual and “bourgeois”
Cult of personality around Mao
“Correct” interpretation of Maoist thought

10. Communism in China (1949-Present)

11. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Deng Xiaoping
Became leader in China from
Deng changed the economy of China from a command/communist economy (in which the government owns businesses) to include a market / capitalist / free enterprise economy (in which individuals own businesses).
This is the system that is largely used in China today.

12. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Tiananmen Square Protests / Massacre 1989
Series of protests where the Chinese people peacefully demanded democratic reforms to the communist system.
They wanted more rights and a say in government.
Deng Xiaoping called in the army to end the protests.
Hundreds of Chinese protesters were killed or arrested.
June 3-4, 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre
Actions proved that China’s government was not willing to make democratic changes.

13. Tank Man, June 5, 1989

14. Communism in China (1949-Present)
Current issues in China
China controls the Buddhist region of Tibet. The people of Tibet want independence (self-government).
China denies its people human rights (such as freedom of speech and the right to vote).
In order to prevent overpopulation (China = 1.3 billion), the government of China only allowed each family to have one child until Now there can be two.
Uneasy relationship with free world countries is ongoing
important for trade but can be aggressive in region

15. Quiz
The policies of which 2oth-century leader helped to create the situation shown in this cartoon? (1) Deng Xiaoping
(2) Kim Jong Il
(3) Aung San Suu Kyi
(4) Ho Chi Minh