1. The Multi-layered Effects and Support Received by Victims of the Bali Bombings: A Cross Cultural Study in Indonesia and Australia Gwen Brookes Center For International Health

2. Background

3. Bali Bombings October 12 th 2002

4. Paddys Bar &Sari Club 0ct 12 th 2002

5. Newspaper Reports Terror In Bali : The Consequences; Bombing in Bali Seen as Opening New Front in Fight on Terror (New York Times OCT 14 th 2002) Terror In Bali : The Consequences; Bombing in Bali Seen as Opening New Front in Fight on Terror (New York Times OCT 14 th 2002) Terror Unites Balinese and Foreigners (Jakarta Post Oct 15 th 2002) Terror Unites Balinese and Foreigners (Jakarta Post Oct 15 th 2002) Carnage As Bomb Blasts Destroy Clubs: Bali Terror (The West Australian October 14 th 2002 ) Carnage As Bomb Blasts Destroy Clubs: Bali Terror (The West Australian October 14 th 2002 )

6. The Effects 202 People Died 202 People Died 88 were Australians : 16 from Perth 88 were Australians : 16 from Perth 38 were Indonesians 38 were Indonesians 160 People were Injured 160 People were Injured Many family and community members were traumatised Many family and community members were traumatised

7. Kingsley Football Club 20 Men Went on Post Finals Trip to Bali 20 Men Went on Post Finals Trip to Bali 7 Men were Killed /14 Injured 7 Men were Killed /14 Injured 2 were Airlifted to the Eastern States 2 were Airlifted to the Eastern States 11 of the Injured were flown Home in Kerry Stokes Private Jet with Medical Support 11 of the Injured were flown Home in Kerry Stokes Private Jet with Medical Support

8. Support Mechanisms Perth Family & Friends Family & Friends General Community/Kingsley Community General Community/Kingsley Community Government Government

9. Support Mechanisms Bali Family & Friends Family & Friends Local Community and Community on Holiday Local Community and Community on Holiday Government Government International Response in Form of Donations International Response in Form of Donations YKIP, Rotary, Bali International Womens Association YKIP, Rotary, Bali International Womens Association

10. Aims of the study Overarching Aim To Investigate : The mutilayered effects and forms of support received by directly affected victims, and their indirectly affected family members Sub Aims To investigate the mutilayered effects and support received by victims at the individual, family and community level in 2002, and during the intervening period

11. Sub Aims continued To systematically critique the literature on the effects and forms of support available in this & previous attacks To systematically critique the literature on the effects and forms of support available in this & previous attacks To develop a framework that may be used by professionals and non professionals in the aftermath of a crisis To develop a framework that may be used by professionals and non professionals in the aftermath of a crisis To highlight the need to choose appropriate and culturally relevant interventions To highlight the need to choose appropriate and culturally relevant interventions

12. Methodological Framework Psychosocial Well Being of Individuals and Communities Event Human Capacity Social Ecology Culture and Values The Psychosocial Working Group (2001)

13. The 3 Domains Human Capacity : Skills & Knowledge of the People Human Capacity : Skills & Knowledge of the People Social Domain : Familial, Religious and Cultural Resources Social Domain : Familial, Religious and Cultural Resources Culture and Values : Cultural Values, Beliefs and Practices Culture and Values : Cultural Values, Beliefs and Practices

14. Tri Hita Karana Event God & Humanity Humanity & Itself Humanity &Environment

15. Data Collection In Depth Semi -Structured Interviews with Directly and Indirectly Affected Victims In Depth Semi -Structured Interviews with Directly and Indirectly Affected Victims 2 Focus Groups in Bali and Perth 2 Focus Groups in Bali and Perth Maintain a Reflective Journal Maintain a Reflective Journal In Depth Literature Review In Depth Literature Review

16. Interviews Priority to acknowledge the need for sensitivity in Bali & in Perth Priority to acknowledge the need for sensitivity in Bali & in Perth There will be a strict entry criteria There will be a strict entry criteria Questions based around previously formed protocols Questions based around previously formed protocols Free Discussion Encouraged Free Discussion Encouraged Interviews will be recorded in the language of choice in Bali Interviews will be recorded in the language of choice in Bali

17. Focus Group Discussions Discussions will center on specific aspects of the support mechanisms arising from IDI Discussions will center on specific aspects of the support mechanisms arising from IDI A General Theme List Will Also Be Used. A General Theme List Will Also Be Used. Hope to Acquire A Broader Understanding of The Bombing, Cultural Values and Group Norms Hope to Acquire A Broader Understanding of The Bombing, Cultural Values and Group Norms

18. Distressed Community Topics Raised Within FGD AND IDIS : Topics Raised Within FGD AND IDIS : Will Refer to the Variety of Resources Disrupted in Distressed Communities when a Disaster Occurs Will Refer to the Variety of Resources Disrupted in Distressed Communities when a Disaster Occurs And the Variety of Resources Utilised By a Distressed Community Following A Disaster And the Variety of Resources Utilised By a Distressed Community Following A Disaster

19. Documentary Data Collection Will Encompass A Comprehensive Review of the Literature A Comprehensive Review of the Literature Collation and Review of Conference Presentations Collation and Review of Conference Presentations Newspaper Reports & Television Documentaries Newspaper Reports & Television Documentaries Reports from Key Organisations such as U.N. Reports from Key Organisations such as U.N.

20. Data Analysis Systematic Analysis will Occur throughout the collection phase: Systematic Analysis will Occur throughout the collection phase: New Avenues of Inquiry will be identified and incorporated New Avenues of Inquiry will be identified and incorporated Thematic Framework Analysis will be used to organise and analyse the data Thematic Framework Analysis will be used to organise and analyse the data The frequency and Distribution of The Codes Will Be Refined by using N-Vivo Software The frequency and Distribution of The Codes Will Be Refined by using N-Vivo Software

21. Update Full Candidacy Status Full Candidacy Status Ethics Approval September 2007 Ethics Approval September 2007 Support of Professor Muliawan School of Public Health Udayana University, Bali Support of Professor Muliawan School of Public Health Udayana University, Bali Support of YKIP an NGO in Bali Support of YKIP an NGO in Bali Support of The Kingsley Football Club Community Support of The Kingsley Football Club Community

22. Memorial To The Victims in Bali & Perth