1. What is a cell?

2. Pyramids
The Great Pyramids of Egypt are made of stone blocks

3. Buildings
Buildings are put together with bricks....

4. Nests
Birds build their nests with grass, twigs and twine

5. YOU!
Everything is made up of smaller parts....
Even You!

6. C is for cells.... All living things are made up of cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure in all living things
All living things are made of cells, so sometimes cells are called the “building blocks” of life
The cell is the basic unit of function in all living things
All life processes (STRANGER-C) in a living organism are carried out by cells... and cells perform all of life processes on their own as well!
Cells come from pre-existing cells

7. Unicellular Some organisms are made up of only one cell Bacteria
Protists

8. Multicellular
Many organisms are made of many different cells which work together

9. Cell Structure and Function
Organelles

10. Eukaryotes have Organelles
YOU are a EUKARYOTE!
Eukaryotes have many small, membrane bound structures located inside the cell
The structures are called ORGANELLES (which means “little organs”)
Organelles perform specific functions which keep the cell (and the organism) alive
EU=YOU/NU & PRO=NO

11. Prokaryotes
Have NO organelles
Bacteria
NO nucleus

12. (Cytoplasm & Membrane are found in
Plant Vs. Animal
Some organelles are found only in animal cells
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Others are found only in plant cells
Chloroplasts
Cell Walls
Most organelles, however, are found in both plant AND animal cells
(Cytoplasm & Membrane are found in
EVERY CELL!)

13. Cell Membrane (AKA Plasma Membrane)
SUPER important!
A double-layered structure that surrounds the cell
Provides a boundary between the cell and its environment
MAIN JOB: To control what goes into and what comes out of the cell!

14. Tell me more!
The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLE which means some substances can pass through it and others cannot
It is “selective” about what it allows to get through
So it is sometimes said to be “selectively permeable”
Small substances pass through easily without using energy...
Water Glucose
Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

15. And what's it made of (mostly)?
So? What's it look like?
And what's it made of (mostly)?
Carbohydrates
Proteins (make up a channel)
Protein
Lipid Bilayer

16. Fluid Mosaic Model
Made of a double layer of lipids (fats) which contain large floating protein molecules
Because everything is “floating” and can move around, small molecules (water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose) can squeeze through....
Larger molecules (starch, protein) must be digested first!

17. Life Process: Transport
Because the membrane controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell it is part of the “transport system”
The membrane is involved in two kinds of transport:
Active (which requires energy)
Passive (which doesn't!)

18. Cytoplasm Streaming jelly-like fluid that contains the cell organelles
Acts like a “cushion” for the organelles
Contains salts and nutrients
“Streaming” means it is moving
This allows for materials to move around inside the cell
Cytoplasm is located between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Many life processes (and chemical reactions) take place in the cytoplasm

19. Nucleus Controls ALL of the cell activities
Nicknamed the “Brain” of the cell
It is surrounded by its own membrane (nuclear membrane)
Acts like a “vault” to store hereditary information (DNA)
It contains other organelles (chromosomes and nucleolus)
Nucleolus makes Ribosomes

20. Chromosomes
Long threadlike structures located in the nucleus of the cell
Contains heredity information organized as genes
Genes are hereditary units made of DNA
Genes are passed on to the next generation

21. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell (the “mighty” mitochondria!)
Produces ENERGY (ATP) from Oxygen and Glucose
This process is called Cell Respiration
Cells which need more energy have more Mitochondria

22. Ribosomes Make Protein
Think BBQ “Rib” (Ribs are MEAT. Meat is PROTEIN!)
Can be found attached to the E.R. (Endoplasmic Reticulum) or floating freely in the cytoplasm

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of channels that transports material around the INSIDE of the cell
Attached or Near the Nucleus!
Two types:
Rough ER – has ribosomes attached
Smooth ER – no ribosomes

24. Golgi
Packages proteins and ships them OUTSIDE of the cell in packaged vesicles

25. This is all about Proteins!
Remember this…
Ribosome Makes ‘em
E.R. Takes ‘em
Golgi Stacks & Packs
This is all about Proteins!

26. Vacuole A storage area Located in the cytoplasm
Used to store water, wastes, food…
Located in the cytoplasm
Plant cells have one or two large vacuoles
Animals cells have many small ones!

27. Cell Wall Surround PLANT and GREEN ALGAE (and some Bacteria) CELLS
Made of Cellulose (a non-living material)
Humans CAN NOT DIGEST Cellulose!
Protects cell’s contents
Supports plant as it grows

28. Chloroplast FOUND ONLY IN PLANT and GREEN ALGAE CELLS
Float in cytoplasm
Large, irregular shaped GREEN structure
Shown with “stacks” inside
Contains Chlorophyll (green pigment)
Captures sun’s energy & makes food (glucose) for plant
CALLED PHOTOSYNTHESIS!