1. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- “THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS”

2. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- DEFINITIONS
CITY STATES- self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland.

3. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA-GEOGRAPHY
LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERS
BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE PERSIAN GULF
LOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQ

4. Fertile Crescent

5. Mesopotamia

6. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- GEOGRAPHY
POSITIVE
abundant amount of clay
easy till-able soil
water supply from Tigris-Euphrates Rivers
NEGATIVE
few natural resources
minimal protection from deserts and mountains

7. City-States

8. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED CA B.C.
DIVIDED INTO CITY-STATES
HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST FORM OF ORGANIZED RELIGION
CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST FORM OF WRITING

9. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CITY-STATES
ALWAYS IN CONSTANT CONFLICT OVER WATER RIGHTS AND LAND
CREATED WALLS FOR PROTECTION, WITH MOATS ALONG THE OUTSIDE
FARMS WERE LOCATED ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF THE CITY

10. Sumerians invented: Wheel
Time – 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minute
12 month lunar calendar
arch
ramp

12. Religion

13. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN RELIGION
Ziggurats: pyramid site of the temple of the main gods.
Each city-state had their own gods and goddesses
Sun god – most important.
Life after death was an extension of life.

14. Ziggurat – Holy Mountain

15. Ziggurat Large pyramid shaped structures Connected to heaven and earth
Ziggurat: “center for learning and religion”

16. How to Build a Ziggurat
How to Build a Ziggurat

17. Sumerian Religion Monotheism: worshiping one god.
“Mono” – means one
Polytheism: worshiping many gods.
“Poly” – means many

18. Writing: Cuneiform

19. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN WRITING
CALLED CUNEIFORM (LATIN FOR WEDGE)
WRITTEN ON CLAY TABLETS
NEEDED FOR RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, AND TRADE
LEARNED IN SCHOOL, BY MALES THAT LASTED FROM SUNRISE TO SUNSET

20. Sumerian Writing: cuneiform
Cuneiform is created by pressing a pointed stylus into a clay tablet.

21. Cuneiform

22. Economy

23. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMY
Make, sell or barter goods.
Trade helped expansion.
Development of money
Will evolve over time.

24. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMY
RICH
government officials
religious leaders
traders
POOR
Farmers
craftsman

25. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN PASTIMES
Entertainment
No longer had to hunt and gather.
More time for fun times.
Rich had more time than poor.
Activities:
BOARD GAMES
INSTRUMENTS
BARE FISTED BOXING
Activities geared toward young and used for socializing.

26. The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.
Agriculture (Farming)
Growth of Cities
Division of Labor (Specialization)
Trade
Writing and Mathematics

27. Persians Mesopotamian Civilization Chaldeans Assyrians Akkadians
Babylonians
Sumeria
Hittites
Mesopotamian
Civilization
Chaldeans
Lydians
Phoenicians
Assyrians

28. Hittites Iron Weapons Add to your map the location: Hittites Assyrians
Akkadians

29. Chief god Assur
Chariots used
First Cavalry
Assyrians

30. Akkadians Spoke a Semitic Language related to modern Hebrew and Arabic
When heaven above was not yet named, nor earth below pronounced by name, Apsu, the first one, their begetter and maker Tiamat, who bore them all, had mixed their waters together, but had not formed pastures, nor discovered reed-beds. When yet no gods were manifest, nor names pronounced, nor destinies decreed, then gods were born within them.

31. Babylonians Chief god: Marduk King Hammurabi Hammurabi’s Code
Prayed for good harvest and success in business.
King Hammurabi
Hammurabi’s Code
Earliest code of law
Based on equal retaliation.

32. Hammurabi’s Code 282 laws. Harsh punishment for crimes.
Based on equal retaliation.
“ If a man bring an accusation against a man and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”
“If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”
Laws were varied for the wealthy and powerful.

33. What do you think?
“ If a man bring an accusation against a man and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”
“If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”
If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss.
“If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death.

34. Chaldeans Skilled astronomers Hanging Gardens of Babylon
King Nebuchadnezzar built them for his wife
One of the Ancient Wonders of the World

35. Persians Present day Iran Spoke an Indo-European Language
Zoroastrianism
Belief in final judgment and training for it

36. Phoenicians Major natural resource: lumber from cedar forests.
Invented the art of glassblowing.
Alphabet
Then adopted by Greeks.
Then adopted by Romans
Please label Phoenicia on your map.

37. Lydians First to use a money economy.
An economic system based in the use of money as a measure of value and a unit of account.