1. 3/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 41 Into to transport
1. Mrs. Ireland gives you a mystery cell and asks you to find out what type of cell it is. You look under the microscope and see there is a cell wall. What type of cell did Mrs. Ireland give you?
2. Why are prokaryotes more susceptible to mutations versus eukaryotic cells?
3. A population in HWE, has 34% of the population exhibiting hybrid characteristics. Calculate the percentage of the population with the dominant allele.

2. 3/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 41 Into to transport
Transport quiz #10 on Wednesday
If you will not be here, you must take the quiz TUESDAY
Transport lab next Mon.- Wed.
Please be here. Labs are test grades
Notebook check next Wednesday
Quiz tracker, table of contents, and notes
Spring Break packet due Tuesday, 4/7

3. 3/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 41 Into to transport
Class Business
Prokaryote notes
Quiz #9
Intro to transport
Membranes

4. Pg. 40 - Prokaryotic DNA Key Point #3: Prokaryotic DNA
Circular DNA
Located in the nucleoid region
Double stranded
Limited genetic information
Key Point #4: Plasmids
Smaller rings of DNA
Replicate independently
Shared between bacteria

5. The ribosome is similar in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The ribosome is similar in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are smaller and fewer in number.
Another type of antibiotics, Erythromycin and tetracycline, bind to ribosomes and block protein synthesis in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes.

6. Turn and Talk
How do bacteria reproduce? How does this form of reproduction add bacteria in their evolution (think back to the evolution of bacteria resistance).

7. Reproduction and adaptation
Key Point #5: Divide by binary fission
Reproduce quickly
Make exact replicas (clones)
Bacteria can replicate so quickly as in 1-3 hours. Some can replicate as quickly as 20 minutes. But there is a lack of energy and nutrients so that is why Bacterium has not taken over the world. Endospores form to protect the DNA.

8. Prokaryotes can adapt quickly to changes in their environment through evolution by natural selection. Because of prokaryotes’ rapid reproduction, mutations that confer greater fitness can swiftly become more common in a population.

9. Where else have we seen prokaryotes?
Think back to ecology!
Bacteria convert atmosphere nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), a process called nitrogen fixation (nitrogen cycle).
The ammonia is used for amino acids (building blocks) and other organic molecules.

10. We have only characterized only 4,500 species of bacteria while a single handful of dirt can contain over 10,000 species of bacteria. Yes, this will take a lot of time to classify!

11. Pathogens Prokaryotes cause about half all of human disease
2-3 million people have died from TB
Pest-carried disease is Lyme Disease
Antibiotic resistance!
Resistance quickly passes throughout populations

12. Not all bacteria are bad!
When do we use bacteria for good?
Convert milk to cheese and yogurt
Gene cloning and E. Coli
Transgenic plants
Venter and designing a prokaryotes that can perform specific tasks
Hydrogen for energy

13. In your notes on Pg. 40 Textbook page 316
Property
Description
Pill shape, spiral, spherical
Cell size
Cell surface
___________ and __________
flagella
Membranes bound organelles??
Genetic information
Circular DNA and ________________
Reproduction and growth

14. In your notes on Pg. 40 Property Description Cell shape
Pill shape, spiral, spherical
Cell size
unicellular
Cell surface
Capsule and pili
Motility
flagella
Membranes bound organelles??
No membrane bound organelles
Genetic information
Plasmids and circular DNA
Reproduction and growth
Binary fission

15. Partner Review The 4 scientists involved with the cell theory
Major organelles discussed today

16. Quiz #9
Directions: Silently and independently complete the quiz. Turn your quiz into the basket when you are finished.
Noise: 0 (SILENT)
Time: 15 minutes

17. Monday, we will compare and contrast active and passive transport.
3/27 Objective
Today we will observe the construction of the plasma membrane and how the structure allows the membrane to be semi-permeable.
Monday, we will compare and contrast active and passive transport.

18. Key Concepts 1. Membrane structure results in selective permeability
2. Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
3. Membranes are fluid structures

19. Overview
What is transport?
Definition: to carry goods from one place to another
Overview: Life at the Edge
The plasma/cell membrane
Is the boundary that separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings
Key Point #1: The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nickname?
Goods are moved around the cell with the help of membranes. The main transporter is the cell membrane.

20. Membrane structure results in selective permeability
The ability to discern what enters and leaves the cell is described as __________ _____________
The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability
Key Point #2: Selective permeability: some substances are allowed to cross and others are not
Selective Permeability

21. How is the membrane SOOO selective?
Structure duh!
Turn and talk
Discuss with a partner the structure of the cell membrane. USE KEY WORDS!
Structure duh!
Have a two students come up front and teach the class what they know about phospholipids.

22. Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
Key Point #3: The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids
Hydrophobic tail
Hydrophilic head
Key Point #4: Amphipathic
Amphi:
Both
Pathic:
To have/posses
Another term we give to cell membranes is amphipathic

23. Scientists studying the plasma membrane
APPLICATION
A cell membrane can be split into its two layers, revealing the ultrastructure of the membrane’s interior.
TECHNIQUE
Extracellular
layer
Proteins
Cytoplasmic layer
Knife
Plasma
membrane
These SEMs show membrane proteins (the “bumps”) in the two layers,
demonstrating that proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.
RESULTS
Figure 7.2
Hydrophilic
head
Hydrophobic
tail
WATER

24. Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
Key Point #5: The fluid mosaic model:
A membrane is a fluid structure with a “mosaic” of various proteins embedded in it

25. Protein Type #1 Key Point #6: Integral proteins Transmembrane proteins
spanning the membrane
Figure 7.8
N-terminus
C-terminus
a Helix
CYTOPLASMIC
SIDE
EXTRACELLULAR
SIDE
Alpha helices

26. Protein Type #2 Key Point #7: Peripheral proteins
Loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
Act as an “appendage”
Both attach themselves to the ECM and cytoskeleton. They function in cell to cell communication.

27. Membranes are fluid structures
Membranes are not static sheets locked rigidly in place.
Key Point #8: Held together by hydrophobic interactions
Very weak
TRY IT!

28. The Fluidity of Membranes
Phospholipids in the plasma membrane
Can move within the bilayer
Lateral movement
(~107 times per second)
Flip-flop
(~ once per month)
(a) Movement of phospholipids

29. Membranes are fluid structures
Membranes are not static sheets locked rigidly in place.
Key Point #8: Held together by hydrophobic interactions
Very weak

30. It all comes back to Selectively Permeable
Read page 24, 2.9 Answer in your notes:
Define polar:
Example of a polar molecule:
Draw an example of this polar molecule:
On page 86, answer 3 and 13