1. 3 Branches of Government
Section 2: The Three Branches of Government
3 Branches of Government
Separation of Powers

2. Section 2: The Three Branches of Government
The Main Idea
The Constitution prevents any person, or any part of the government, from taking too much power. It does this by creating three separate branches of the federal government and distributing power among them.
Reading Focus
Why does the Constitution provide for the separation of powers?
What are the main responsibilities of each of the three branches of government?
How does the system of checks and balances work?

3. Separation of Powers Section 2: The Three Branches of Government
Each level of government is broken up into three parts.
Legislative (Makes the Law)
Executive (Carries out the Law)
Judicial (Interprets the Law)
Each branch has specific powers given to it.
To keep each branch from getting too powerful, Checks (restraints or limits) are used by the other branches. 3

4. Responsibilities of the three branches of government:
Section 2: The Three Branches of Government
Responsibilities of the three branches of government:
Legislative—the lawmaking branch
Executive—executes the country’s laws
Judicial—interprets laws and punishes law breakers

5. The system of checks and balances:
Section 2: The Three Branches of Government
The system of checks and balances:
Each branch has powers no other branch can assume.
Each branch has powers that limit the powers of the other branches.

6. What are Checks and Balances?
The constitution prevents any of the three branches of the U.S. government from getting too powerful by giving them checks and powers.
Checks - restraints or control over other branches.
Powers – Specific powers one branch has that another does not.
No branch is too strong
No branch is too weak 6

7. Checks and Balances 7

8. Information from Chapter 3, Section 2
Checks and Balances
Information from Chapter 3, Section 2 8

9. Legislative Branch Powers Make Laws
Can override presidential veto with a two-thirds majority in each house of congress.
Approves appointments of federal court judges.
In 2005, Harriet Miers was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Bush. Congress did not approve. 9

10. U.S. Supreme Court Building
Checks on Legislative Powers
President can veto bills.
The Supreme Court can rule that a law is unconstitutional.
U.S. Supreme Court Building 10

11. Executive Branch Powers Can approve or veto laws Carries out the laws
Appoints federal court judges
Commander and Chief of military 11

12. Checks on Executive Powers
Congress can override presidential veto with a two-thirds majority in each house.
Congress can impeach and remove the president for high crimes and misdemeanors.
Senate approves or denies the president’s appointments to federal courts.
Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton have been the only two presidents who have ever been impeached. However, they were not removed from office. 12

13. Judicial Branch Powers Interprets the meaning of law
Can rule that laws passed by Congress or action taken by the executive branch as unconstitutional 13

14. Checks on Judicial Powers
Congress or the states can propose an amendment to the Constitution to make a law constitutional.
Senate can refuse to approve appointments to the federal courts.
Congress can impeach and remove a federal judge from office.
Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas was almost refused appointment by the Senate because of sexual harassment allegations. 14

15. SECTION 2
Question: Why does the Constitution provide for the separation of powers?
Executive
to ensure that no one branch of the U.S. government becomes too powerful
Legislative
Judicial

16. Legislative & Executive
Executive Branch 
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch 
Legislative Branch
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch 
Executive Branch 
Judicial Branch
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch 
Legislative Branch
Judicial & Executive
Judicial Branch
 Legislative & Executive  
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial & Executive
 Legislative & Executive  
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch 16