1. Ancient Rome
Lesson 2

2. Rise of the Roman Republic
By 509 B. C. Romans had overthrown their king.Band rules!!!
They began setting up a new government called a republic – the right to choose/vote and elect officials.
The citizens played a bigger part in what laws were being passed.

3. Roman Republic
Some Romans had become richer than others. The division between rich and poor, powerful and not so powerful affected and shaped the new republic.
Rome was divided into two groups:
Plebeians – men who farmed, traded, and made things for a living
Patricians – were members of Rome’s noble families

4. Roman Republic In 509 B. C. patricians took over.
They remade the city’s government.
Only patricians could belong to a ruling assembly or be government leaders.
Roman generals raised armies and fought Plebeians for power because of the conflicts between the two groups.
Look in your book to find out how the plebeians reacted and what happened in 494 B.C.

5. Roman Republic
In a republic (Latin for “public things”) – citizens have the right to vote/select their leaders. Saxophones rule!!!
Latin was the language of Rome. Unlike the democracy of Athens, not all Roman citizens participated in the assembly that ran the city. Instead they elected representatives.
Representatives – were people who acted for them in the government.

6. Roman Republic Not all votes of the Roman citizens were equal.
In Rome the more powerful a man was, the greater influence his vote had.
Rome’s republic lasted 500 years.
Three different government branches ran the city’s affairs.
Each of these had decision-making powers that allowed it to have some control over the actions of the other branches.
What is this called in the U.S. government?
Separation of Powers

7. Roman Republic
Roman Government
Senate –
Propose and vote on laws, controlled all $ collected/spent
Tribunes –
Elected leader who represented interests of the Plebeians
Consuls –
2 elected officials that commanded the army and were supreme judges
***In the Roman Republic when consuls couldn’t agree a dictator could be appointed***

8. Roman Republic
Read page 232 and answer the questions on your study guide. Be ready to compare and contrast this type of government to our government.
Be sure to draw the chart work on your paper. Answer the questions as well. Kenzie was here also.

9. Roman Republic Plebeian Influence
The citizens in the assembly often met to vote in a large field along the Tiber River.
The field was also the headquarters of Rome’s mostly plebeian army.
Rome’s patricians depended heavily on the plebeian army.

10. Roman Republic
For many years patrician leaders had ruled Rome according to laws that were unwritten.
Only the patrician leaders had knowledge of those laws.
Plebeians had no way of knowing just what was and was not against the law.
Plebeians could only “hope” that the patrician judges would give them a fair trial.
All free adult males could be active in the government.

11. Twelve Tables
As a result of the “strike”, and the lack of equality in a hearing, the Twelve Tables were established.
These were written laws that governed everything from marriage to slavery.
These laws were posted in every Forum, which was like an agora in Greece.
This kept judges from making decisions based on secret laws and protected plebeians from being treated unjustly by patricians

12. Roman Republic
By 265 B.C. Rome controlled all of the Italian peninsula.
264 B.C. Roman soldiers landed on the island of Sicily.
Their arrival sparked a long conflict with the powerful empire of Carthage.
Since Carthage had once been a colony of Phoenicia, Romans named their conflicts with that city the Punic Wars.
In the 200’s
Ended in a victory for Rome

13. Roman Republic Carthage surrendered control of Sicily to Rome.
Rome then seized even more of the lands controlled by Carthage.
The leaders were outraged. Kenzie was here.
One general asked his son Hannibal to seek revenge.
When he was 29 years old Hannibal led an army against the forces of Rome.

14. Roman Republic
Explain his plan and was it successful? Answer the rest of the questions on your study guide.
Scipio was a general who was elected as consul.
His large army defeated Hannibal outside of Carthage in the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.
What was important in the Battle of Zama?
Read the account in blue book, pg