1. Unit 1:
Foundations of American Government

2. Why it Matters….
_____________ is essential to the existence of human beings in a civilized society. It is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.
The _______ ________ of a government are all of those things a government decides to do.

3. Life without Government…
Think about what your life would be like without government….
Who would protect you?
Who would provide education?
Who would protect the environment?
Who would punish criminals?
Who would respond to disasters?
Who would pave streets and regulate traffic?
Who would protect civil rights?
Who would care for the elderly and the poor?

4. Government goes way back…
The ancient _________ lived by the _____ ___________________ which were a collection of laws that were designed around Morals

5. Ancient Influences on American Democracy
The ancient Greeks created the idea of the _______________ ________________.
It was practiced as a _________ _____________ (government in which all citizens had say via participation in voting).
The Romans developed the concept of the _______________ ____________ (one in which the citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf in government).

6. Questions and Review What is government? Why is government important?
What is the difference between a Direct Democracy and a Representative Democracy?

7. Influences of the Enlightenment
The thinking of the founding fathers (especially Thomas Jefferson) was heavily influenced by the intellectual changes occurring in 1700's Europe.
The __________ ________________ focused on reason, human thought and experience as opposed to the divine reasoning of religious thought.
This thinking in government is best seen in the work of Locke, Rousseau and Montesquieu.

8. Influences of the Enlightenment
________________ declared that all men are born with the “natural rights” of "life, liberty, and property" and no government can revoke these rights.
Locke maintained that citizens grant governments the power to rule, in order to protect their natural rights. When a government fails to protect rights and consent is revoked, the government can be changed or replaced with a revolution.
John
Locke

9. Influences of the Enlightenment
________________ further developed the idea of the social contract, based on the previous ideas of Locke.
Rousseau stated that if the social contract is broken, a revolution is justified.
Jean Jacques Rousseau

10. Influences of the Enlightenment
____________________ was an enlightenment philosopher who wrote of the benefits of dividing power in a government among more than one branch.
Baron de Montesquieu

11. Influences of the Enlightenment
Thomas Jefferson and the founding fathers borrowed many of these ideas when crafting the _____________ ____ _______________ and the Constitution.
Natural Rights appear in the declaration as "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness". 
Thomas Jefferson

12. Influences of the Enlightenment
The notion of replacing a government that fails to maintain consent is cited as justification for the American Revolution against the English.
Finally, ______________ ___ _________ is integrated into US government along the ______ _______ __________ and protected by the system of ______ ___ __________.
Founding
fathers
signing the Constitution

13. Questions and Review What were John Locke’s “natural rights”?
What did Rousseau say about revolutions?
According to Montesquieu, what benefitted governments?

14. Why was America Settled?
_________, Profit, & Praise

15. British Influences on American Government
Numerous government documents from _________ influenced early Colonial America and the later American Government.

16. British Influences on American Government
________ _________: the first document to limit the king’s power.
English _____ ___ _______: Parliament replaced the king as the dominant power
Trial by Jury
No cruel and unusual punishment
Right to bear arms

17. British Influences on American Government
Democratic developments date back to the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth rock. The ___________ ___________ (1620) was the earliest example.
Pilgrims agreed to be governed by the English crown and to accept the decisions of that government.

18. British Influences on American Government
Britain was in complete control of the 13 American Colonies for about _____ years.
Political unrest was brewing due to violations in the “social contract.”

19. Questions and Review What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
What were some of the terms of the English Bill of Rights?
What is the earliest example of democratic developments in America?
How long did the British rule in America?

20. Causes of the American Revolution
The American people were strongly independent. They wanted to do things for themselves. Great Britain was a long way away. The Americans didn't want people an ocean away telling them how to live their lives.

21. Causes of the American Revolution
The British government made the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the _______ ____ _________ ____.
The British tried to collect taxes that the American people considered harsh.

22. Causes of the American Revolution
________ Act: taxes on legal documents, pamphlets, newspapers, and playing cards
________ Act: taxes on sugar and molasses
____________ Acts: closed Boston Harbor, Massachusetts colony couldn’t govern itself

23. Causes of the American Revolution
The Americans wanted to have representatives in Parliament or be able to vote for Britain’s lawmakers.
“Taxation without Representation”

24. Causes of the American Revolution
People called for Independence
Thomas Paine, Patrick Henry
Britain responded with passing more acts to limit colonists’ rights.
Including:
Quartering Act, Townshend Acts, and Declaratory Acts

25. Causes of the American Revolution
Colonists started stockpiling guns and ammo
Violated British laws
Led to the shots fired at Lexington and Concord
Beginning of the war

26. Questions and Review Why did the British impose taxes on the colonies?
What gave rise to the phrase “taxation without representation”?
What were the Americans’ response to the British taxes?