1. Common Items Under Microscope
The Microscope
Common Items Under Microscope

2. Types of Microscopes
A Simple Light Microscope was first used by scientists.
The microscope contained one lens and used light to view objects.

3. Types of Microscopes
The Compound Light Microscope was developed over the next 200 years.
This microscope uses a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps and can magnify objects up to times.

4. Types of Microscopes
The Electron Microscope was developed in the 1930s. It uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times their actual size.
There are 2 basic types:
Scanning Electron Microscope- allows scientist to scan the surface of cells to show their 3D shape.
Transmission Electron Microscope- allows scientists to study structures within the cell.

5. In our classroom, we will use the…
Compound Light Microscope-
Compound deals with the microscope having more than one lens.
Light refers to the method by which light transmits the image to your eye.
Microscope is the combination of two words; "micro" meaning small and "scope" meaning view.
Stereoscope/Dissecting Microscope- Used to study the surfaces of solid specimens or to carry out close work, such as dissection.

6. Compound Light Microscope

7. Compound Light Microscope

8. Stereoscope

9. Parts of the Microscope
Microscope Review Website
Parts of the Microscope
Part
Function
Base
Supports the microscope
Arm
Used to carry the microscope
Stage
Platform where the slide with the specimen is placed
Stage Clips
Holds the slide in place on the stage
Eyepiece (Ocular)
Magnifies image for the viewer
Objective Lens
Low-power and high-power lenses that magnify the specimen
Coarse Adjustment
Large knob used for focusing the image under the low-power objective
Fine Adjustment
Smaller knob used for focusing the image with the high-power objective
Diaphragm
Controls the amount of light that passes through the specimen
Light Source
Provides light for viewing the specimen

10. Handling the Microscope
Always carry the microscope by holding the arm of the microscope with one hand and supporting the base with the other hand.

11. Handling the Microscope
Place the microscope on a flat surface. The arm should be pointed toward you.
Look through the eyepieces. Adjust the diaphragm so that the light comes through the opening in the stage.

12. Handling the Microscope
Place a slide on the stage so the specimen is in the field of view. Use stage clips to hold it firmly in place.

13. Handling the Microscope
Always focus with the course adjustment and the low-power objective lens. Once the object is in focus on low power, the high- power objective can be used. Use only the fine adjustment to focus the high-power lens.

14. Microscope Magnification
Magnification- How much larger an object appears when viewed through a microscope compared to the unaided eye.
To calculate total magnification:
Multiply the number on the eyepiece by the number on the objective through which you are viewing.
Ex: Eyepiece magnification = 10x
Low-Power Magnification = 40x
10x x = 400x

15. A Whole New World
As scientists began using microscopes, they quickly realized they were entering a new world- one of microorganisms.
Microscopes enabled scientists to view and study cells.
Cells are the basic unit of living organisms.

16. Scientists and Discoveries
Anton van Leeuwenhoek first discovered cells using a simple light microscope.
Van Leeuwenhoek Biography

17. Scientists and Discoveries
Robert Hooke used the Compound Light Microscope to study cork, the dead cells of oak bark. He observed small geometric shapes and named them cells.
Other scientists extended Hooke’s observations and drew important conclusions.
All plants and animals are made up of cells.
These conclusions led to the creation of the Cell Theory.

18. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Before the cell theory, no one knew how cells were formed, where they came from, or what determined the type of cell they became. The cell theory states that a cell divides to form two identical cells.
TED-Ed Origin of Cell Theory