1. Chapter 2 Body Organization
Anatomy: is the study of body structures and their locations…
Physiology: is the way in which an organism functions (how it works)…

2. Organization Of The Human Body
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism/Human Body

3. The order of the human body cont…
2 or more atoms combine to make molecules
2 or more molecules make a cell
2 or more cells make tissue
2 or more tissues make an organ
2 or more organs make organ systems
2 or more organ systems make an organism...

4. Animal Cells Structures Of The Cell…
Nucleus: Control Center, Directs activity
Cytoplasm: Transports Chemicals and Nutrients
Mitochondria: Power House
Cell Membrane: Protects The Cell
Lysosome: Break Down Molecules
Ribosome: Make Protein For Cell Structure

5. Diseases Affecting The Cells
Genetic Disorders result when there are mutations in our genes. They can be inherited from the parents or due to a mutation during cell division.
Examples of genetic disorders ( there are more than 4,000 known disorders)
Alzheimer's
Cancer
Sickle Cell Disease
Cleft lip
Cystic Fibrosis
Down Syndrome

6. TYPES OF TISSUES

7. Epithelial Tissue Function: to cover and protect
Forms protective covering for all internal and external surfaces and helps form glands. Ex: epidermis of the skin and lining of blood vessels

8. Connective Tissue Function: to bind and support:
Dense: bone &cartilage
Adipose: fat, padding & insulation
Loose : surrounds organs, supports nerve cells and blood vessels
Liquid: blood, lymph

9. Nervous Tissue Function: To transmit and receive stimuli…
Ex; eyes, brain, spinal cord

10. Muscle Tissue Function: to contract/relax and create movement
Ex; triceps, biceps, heart

11. Body Organs Heart Lungs Kidneys Bladder Veins Arteries Liver
Gallbladder
Etc…..

12. Organ Systems
Integumentary system; consists of skin, hair nails and sweat glands. Covers and protects the body, regulates body temperature.
Cardiovascular system; consists of the heart, veins and arteries, and lymphatic system. It transports oxygen and nutrients to all body parts and removes waste products.
Respiratory system; consists of the nose, larynx, trachea, diaphragm, bronchi, and lungs. It supplies the blood with oxygen and assists in the exchange of gasses.

13. Organ Systems Cont…
Muscular system: Consists of muscle tissues. It allows the body to move and controls movements within the body.
Skeletal system: Consists of bones, cartilage, and joints. It provides body support and protection.
Digestive system: Consists of the mouth, stomach and intestines. It processes food and eliminates food waste.
Urinary system: Consists of the kidneys, bladder and ureters and the urethra. It filters the blood and removes liquid waste as well as excess fluid.

14. Anatomical Language
The study of anatomy and physiology require knowledge of anatomical language and the organization of the human body…
The Goal of the anatomical language portion of this lesson is for you to be familiar with terms used to describe anatomical locations and be able to use them in describing human anatomy…

15. Anatomical Language
The anatomical position is the standard position used when describing anatomy of the human body…
Body in an erect position
Mouth closed
Eyes and head facing forward
Arms are close to the body and the palms are facing forward

16. Figure 9-5 Body Planes
A. Coronal or Frontal, B. Transverse, C. Medial, Sagittal or Midsagittal (

17. Anatomical Language
Location of organs are described in relation to these terms:
Inferior (below)
Superior (above)
Medial (close to the midline)
Lateral (away from the midline)
Anterior or ventral (in front of)
Posterior or dorsal (behind)
Proximal (close to the attachment site)
Distal (away from the attachment site)
Supine (on the back, facing forward)
Prone (on the stomach, facing down)

18. Anatomical Language

19. Body Cavities

20. Body Regions

21. Body Cavities Five body cavities: Cranial Spinal Thoracic Abdominal
Contains the brain, ventricles, and some glands
Spinal
Houses the spinal cord and nerves
Thoracic
Contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels
Abdominal
Contains stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys
Pelvic
Contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

22. Divisions of the Back

23. Abdominal Quadrants Four Quadrants: 1. Right Upper Quad (RUQ)
2. Left Upper Quad (LUQ)
3. Right Lower Quad (RLQ)
4. Left Lower Quad (LLQ)

24. Body Regions

25. Body Regions Region Organ Right Hypochondriac Stomach Epigastic
Left Hypochondriac
Right Lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar
Right Inguinal
Hypogastric
Left Inguinal