1. Surrealism 1920’s –1930’s

4. What’s the difference between surrealism and abstract art?
Surrealism- actual things drawn pretty realistically, but they don't make sense together or that scene wouldn't happen in real life. Even if the object depicted doesn't make sense, it's still clearly depicted. For example, there could be a painting of a room in which an apple takes up half of it.
Abstract- even though it conveys emotions or sometimes resembles things, abstract usually doesn't depict a scene and is sometimes shapes and colors, that when combined makes you feel a certain way. For example, a lot of blue and green wavy lines and circles would make you feel calm.

14. Joan Miro
Born April 20, 1893, Barcelona, Spain—died December 25, 1983, Palma, Majorca
He was a painter who combined abstract art with Surrealist fantasy. His mature style evolved from the tension between his fanciful, poetic impulse and his vision of the harshness of modern life. He worked extensively in lithography and produced numerous murals, tapestries, and sculptures for public spaces.

15. Tapestry - a piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs formed by weaving colored weft threads or by embroidering on canvas, used as a wall hanging or furniture covering.
Lithography - the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.
Mural - a painting or other work of art executed directly on a wall
Sculpture - the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.

16. He experimented with the boldly colorful Fauvist style, but his treatment of form was geometric, influenced by the work of Paul Cézanne and the Cubist artists.
From early in his career Miró sought to establish means of metaphorical expression—that is, to discover signs that stand for concepts of nature in a transcendent, poetic sense. He wanted to portray nature as it would be depicted by a primitive person or a child equipped with the intelligence of a 20th- century adult.

17. In the years following World War II Miró became internationally famous; his sculptures, drawings, and paintings were exhibited in many countries. He was commissioned to paint a number of murals, notably for the Terrace Hilton Hotel in Cincinnati, Ohio (1947), and for Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts (1950).
Among his later works were several monumental sculptures, such as those he executed for the city of Chicago (unveiled 1981) and for the city of Houston (1982).
The artist suffered from heart failure and later died in his home in Palma (Majorca) on 25 December 1983 from it.

18. Carnival of Harlequin 1924

19. The Hunter

20. After the Rain

21. Gray Forest 1927

23. Salvador Dali
Born on May 11, 1904, in Figueres, Spain -On January 23, 1989, in the city of his birth, Dalí died of heart failure at the age of 84. His funeral was held at the Teatro-Museo, where he was buried in a crypt.
Crypt - an underground room or vault beneath a church, used as a chapel or burial place.

24. From an early age Dalí was encouraged to practice his art
From an early age Dalí was encouraged to practice his art. He would eventually go on to study at an academy in Madrid.
In the 1920s, he went to Paris and began interacting with artists such as Picasso, Magritte, and Miró, which led to Dalí's first Surrealist phase. He is perhaps best known for his 1931 painting “The Persistence of Memory”, showing melting clocks in a landscape setting.

25. It has been said that young Salvador was a intelligent child, prone to fits of anger against his parents and schoolmates. Consequently, Dalí was subjected to furious acts of cruelty by more dominant students or his father. The elder Salvador wouldn't tolerate his son's outbursts or eccentricities, and punished him severely.

26. Dalí had an older brother, born nine months before him, also named Salvador, who died of gastroenteritis. Later in his life, Dalí often related the story that when he was 5 years old, his parents took him to the grave of his older brother and told him he was his brother's reincarnation.
Salvador also had a younger sister, Ana Maria.

27. He was not a serious student, preferring to daydream in class and stand out as the class eccentric, wearing odd clothing and long hair. After that first year at art school, he discovered modern painting in Cadaques while vacationing with his family.
In 1921, Dalí's mother, Felipa, died of breast cancer. Dalí was 16 years old at the time, and was devastated by the loss. His father married his deceased wife's sister.

28. In between 1926 and 1929, Dalí made several trips to Paris, where he met with influential painters and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso. During this time, Dalí was working with styles of Impressionism, Futurism and Cubism. All of this experimentation led to Dalí's first Surrealistic period in These oil paintings were small collages of his dream images.

29. In August 1929, Dalí met Elena Dmitrievna Diakonova (sometimes written as Elena Ivanovna Diakonova), a Russian immigrant 10 years his senior. Also known as "Gala," Diakonova was Dalí's muse and inspiration, and would eventually become his wife. The two were married in a civil ceremony in 1934.
By 1930, Salvador Dalí had become a notorious figure of the Surrealist movement.

30. During World War II, Dalí and his wife moved to the United States
During World War II, Dalí and his wife moved to the United States. They remained there until 1948, when they moved back to his beloved Catalonia. These were important years for Dalí. The Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art in New York gave him his own retrospective exhibit in This was followed by the publication of his autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí (1942).

31. Over the next 15 years, Dalí painted a series of 19 large canvases that included scientific, historical or religious themes. He often called this period "Nuclear Mysticism." During this time, his artwork took on a technical brilliance combining meticulous detail with fantastic and limitless imagination. He would incorporate optical illusions, holography and geometry within his paintings. Much of his work contained images depicting divine geometry, the DNA, the Hyper Cube and religious themes of Chastity.

32. In 1980, Dalí was forced to retire from painting due to a motor disorder that caused permanent trembling and weakness in his hands. No longer able to hold a paint brush, he'd lost the ability to express himself the way he knew best. More tragedy struck in 1982, when Dalí's beloved wife and friend, Gala, died. The two events sent him into a deep depression.

33. In 1984, Dalí was severely burned in a fire
In 1984, Dalí was severely burned in a fire. Due to his injuries, he was confined to wheelchair.
In November 1988, Salvador Dalí entered a hospital in Figueres with a failing heart. On January 23, 1989, in the city of his birth, Dalí died of heart failure at the age of 84.

34. The Persistence of Memory

35. Temptation of Anthony

36. Autumnal Cannibalism 1936

37. Sleep 1937

38. Rene Magritte November 21,1898 – August 15, 1967
René Magritte was a Belgian surrealist artist best known for his witty and thought-provoking images and his use of simple graphics and everyday imagery.
He was the oldest of three boys. His father’s manufacturing business at times allowed the family to live in relative comfort, but financial difficulties were a constant threat and forced them to move about the country with some regularity. Magritte’s young world was dealt a far more destructive blow in 1912, when his mother committed suicide by drowning herself in a river.

39. Magritte found solace from the tragedy in films and novels and especially through painting. His earliest surviving works from this era were accomplished in the impressionist style. However, in 1916 he left home for Brussels, where for the next two years he studied at Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts. Although he was ultimately unimpressed with the institution, he was nonetheless exposed to emerging styles such as cubism and futurism, which significantly altered the direction of his work. Indeed, many of Magritte’s paintings from the early 1920s owe a clear debt to Pablo Picasso.

40. Settling in the Perreux-sur-Marne suburb of Paris, Magritte quickly fell in with some of surrealism’s brightest lights and founding fathers, including writer André Breton, poet Paul Éluard and artists Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst and Joan Miró. Over the next few years he produced important works such as The Lovers and The False Mirror and also began to experiment with the use of text, as seen in his painting The Treachery of Images.

41. In 1963, Despite having been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, Magritte was able to travel to New York City for a retrospective of his work at the Museum of Modern Art. Magritte also explored other media during this time, making a series of short films that featured his wife, Georgette, as well as experimenting with sculpture. After a period of prolonged illness, on August 15, 1967, René Magritte died at the age of 68. His work proved to be a primary influence on pop artists such as Andy Warhol and has since been celebrated in countless exhibitions around the world. The Magritte Museum opened in Brussels in 2009.

42. The Lovers 1928

43. Le Faux Mirior 1928

44. The Treachery of Images 1929

45. The Son of Man 1964