1. The Industrial Revolution Part I

2. Causes of the Revolution
1. Wealth from overseas colonies
Incentives for innovation
Markets for manufactured goods
2. Geography
Rivers (power water wheels)
Natural resources
Coal, iron, soil
3. Economic and Social mobility
Ability to move up social hierarchy
Banks, availability of loans
4. Workforce
Skilled laborers (esp. with metal tools)

3. Why Britain? 1. Wealth from colonies 2. Abundance of natural resources
3. Social progress
4. Enclosure movement facilitated urban class
Why not somewhere else?
Only Europe had the ‘big three’
Incentives, materials, skilled labor

4. Mechanization
the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.
Textile industry
Spinning Jenny, Flying Shuttle
Water wheels
Development of factories

5. Steam Engine Makes water power obsolete
Factories could be built anywhere
Production increased = mass production
Products become more affordable
Cotton Gin
Transportation
Steamboat
Locomotive

6. Natural Resources Fossil Fuels Steel
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
Coal used to power steam engines, then petroleum
Internal combustion engine
Steel
Lighter, stronger, more flexible than iron
Allows for skyscrapers, better RRs, etc.

7. Industrialization in the USA
Cotton Gin  Cotton plantations
Textile industry flourishes in North
Union victory in Civil War (1861-5)
Outlaws slavery
USA becomes pro-industry
Completion of transcontinental railroad (1869)
USA  biggest steel producer in world (1900)

16. Industrialization in the World
Japan – transforms society to match West (Silk)
Government stays involved in businesses
Russia – Limited growth, focus on agriculture
Serfdom still in practice until mid-1800s
Latin America – despite major investments, remains focused on crops/peasant labor
India – England controlled from
Leading producer of cotton. Textiles industrialize, but rest of region is slow to grow.

17. Industrialization in the World
Ottoman Empire – Limited progress
Leaders failed to recognize importance
Africa – provided natural resources
European imperialists controlled much of Africa
China – rejected ideas from the West
USA promoted ‘Open Door Policy’ for trade