1. American History I - Unit 4 Ms. Brown
EARLY PRESIDENTS
American History I - Unit 4
Ms. Brown

2. Review What is the job of the president’s cabinet?
What was the purpose of Hamilton’s economic plan? What were the 4 steps?
What did Federalists believe?
What did the Democratic Republicans believe?
What is a tariff?
How did Washington’s handling of the Whiskey Rebellion prove the national gov’ts power?

3. Review What is the job of the president’s cabinet?
To advise the president on certain issues
What was the purpose of Hamilton’s economic plan? What were the 4 steps?
To raise money to pay off debts
Selling US treasury bonds, excise taxes, tariffs, creating a National Bank
What did Federalists believe?
Hamilton, strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution
What did the Democratic Republicans believe?
Jefferson, strong state governments, strict interpretation of the Constitution
What is a tariff?
A tax on imported goods, designed to make people buy domestic goods
How did Washington’s handling of the Whiskey Rebellion prove the national gov’ts power?
It showed the people that the president and the federal gov’t would enforce federal laws and calm rebellions safely and quickly

4. 4.2 – EARLY AMERICAN FOREIGN AFFAIRS
AH1.H.1.3 Historical analysis and interpretation – identify issues and problems in the past, consider multiple perspectives of the past, analyze cause-and-effect relationships and multiple causation, evaluate competing historical narrative and debates among historians, evaluate the influence of the past on contemporary issues.
AH1.H.4.1 Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the US through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted.
AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the economic issues and conflicts that impacted the US through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted.
AH1.H.5.1 Summarize how philosophical, ideological, and/or religious views on freedom and equality contributed to the development of American political and economic systems.
AH1.H.5.2 Explain how judicial, legislative, and executive actions have affected the distribution of power between levels of government.
AH1.H.6.1 Explain how national economic and political interests helped set the direction of US foreign policy.

5. French Revolution
Began in 1789, rebellion in which the French people overthrew their monarchy and attempted to make the country into a republic
At first, most Americans supported the French Revolution
Inspired by the desire for liberty from an oppressive government, just like the American Revolution
France = America’s ally in the American Revolution (1778 treaty)

6. Reactions to French Revolution
The Jacobins (a group of radical French revolutionaries) took control in France
Beheaded King Louis XVI
Started the Reign of Terror – beheading of many French citizens with the guillotine
Declared war on all other European monarchies (including Great Britain)
Because of alliance, French rebels expected US support in their war with GB.
Some Americans concerned over supporting these behaviors!

7. Reactions to French Revolution

8. Cabinet Battle #2
TJ and Hamilton debate supporting France during its war with GB.
Washington presides (MC’s)

9. Citizen Genet Affair
France sent Edmond Genet to gain American support for French Revolution.
Wanted Americans to support France instead of Great Britain.
Traveled the country recruiting support.
Violation of American neutrality!
Washington demanded France take Genet back, but Genet’s friends in France were no longer in power.
Genet stayed in US, but could not recruit for France.
Made TJ look bad for supporting the French Revolution in the first place.

10. Resigned as Secretary of State in 1793.
Citizen Genet Affair
The Citizen Genet Affair lost American support for France.
Because TJ had supported France, Federalists called him a radical!
TJ resigned from Secretary of State and left DC.
Resigned as Secretary of State in 1793.

11. Treaty with Spain Spain owned Florida and the Louisiana Territory.
US needed shipping rights on Mississippi River.
GREAT BRITAIN
AMERICA
SPAIN
Disputed b/t Spain and America

12. Treaty with Spain US-Spanish relationship = big mess!
Spain and France = allies AGAINST GB
US = neutral in European affairs
Spain feared US and British would attack Spanish territories.
Spain THOUGHT the US would side with the British, because they were angry with France over the Citizen Genet Affair.
Spain quickly decided to meet with US official, Thomas Pinckney, to discuss Spanish territory in North America.

13. Treaty with Spain Pinckney’s Treaty – 1795
US gained disputed area east of Mississippi River, but NOT Florida
Made a new southern US border
Mississippi River open to US shipping
US allowed use port of New Orleans

14. Troubles with Natives and British
US owned land between Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River BUT…
British still had military forts set up in the Northwest Territory
Natives still lived in these areas

15. Fights in the Northwest
Native tribes in the Northwest Territory felt excluded in the Treaty of Paris land-deal as they were not consulted about the hand-off of their land.
Tried to demand direct negotiations with the US government
Natives increased attacks on American settlers in the Northwest Territory.
Received encouragement from British troops still in forts

16. Fights in the Northwest
1790 – Washington sent US troops to Northwest Territory to gain control over the area
US troops clashed with the Miami Confederacy, led by chief Little Turtle
Little Turtle won the first battles in

17. Fights in the Northwest
1792 – Washington appointed General Anthony Wayne (“Mad Anthony”) to train and lead the troops against Little Turtle.
Little Turtle realized that a peace-deal would be the best route instead of fighting.
“We have beaten the enemy twice under different commanders… The Americans are now led by a chief who never sleeps… We have never been able to surprise him… It would be prudent to listen to his offers of peace.”
-Little Turtle in a speech to his allies

18. Battle of Fallen Timbers
The Miami Confederacy did not agree with Little Turtle’s ideas of peace → replaced Little Turtle with a more aggressive and less capable leader.
1794 – Battle of Fallen Timbers
General Mad Anthony Wayne defeated the Miami Confederacy (near present day Toledo, OH)
Wayne’s troops proudly set up a US fort only 2 miles away from a British fort in the area

19. Battle of Fallen Timbers
Battle of Fallen Timbers essentially ended the Native American resistance against US settlers.
Eventually the Miami Confederacy signed a deal with the US – sold the land for less and less money.

20. Jay’s Treaty
John Jay – Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court (SCOTUS) went to London to negotiate a deal with the British to get their troops out of US.
Word got to London about the American victory at Battle of Fallen Timbers
Jay’s Treaty – 1794
British troops would be removed from US soil but British fur traders were allowed to stay
angered Democratic-Republicans

21. Recap of US Foreign Affairs

22. Washington’s Farewell
1792 – Washington reelected
1796 – declined 3rd term
Getting old (~66 yrs)
Didn’t want to seem like a king

23. Washington’s Farewell
MANY achievements…
Opened land to western settlement - victories over Native tribes
Suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion – showed federal government’s strength and proved it could enforce national laws
Kept US out of war with Europe (Spain, France, and England)
Established policies that helped boost foreign trade and pay back national debt

24. Washington’s Farewell
1796 – Washington’s Farewell Address
Future presidents shouldn’t serve more than 2 terms
Stay NEUTRAL!
Warned against creating alliances and entanglements with other nations
Avoid “factions” (political parties)
Factions will love their party more than the country
Focus on compromises
Avoid sectionalism – valuing one region’s interests over the interests of the nation as a whole.
Will make the nation less stable

25. One Last Time
Washington asks Hamilton for help in drafting his Farewell Address.
“I want to talk about neutrality…”
“I want to warn against partisan fighting…”
“We’re gonna teach them how to say goodbye…”

26. Washington’s Precedents
MANY precedents – an action that serves as an example for all future similar situations
Established the cabinet system
“Mr. President” instead of “Your Highness” or “Your Excellency”
Delivered a State of the Union Address
Social life – hosted formal dinner parties
Used the federal government’s strength (sometimes military strength) to enforce federal laws
Left office after 2 terms
FDR – only president to serve more than 2 terms (4 terms!)
22nd Amendment – officially no more than 2 terms
Delivered a Farewell Address