1. Industrialization and Nationalism
Chapter 10
Industrialization and Nationalism

2. Enduring Questions How can innovation affect ways of life?
How does revolution bring about political and economic change?

3. Guiding Question
What was the significance of the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain?
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?
What factors fed the spread of industrialization in Europe and North America?
What was the social impact of industrialization in Europe?

4. Industrial Revolution

5. I. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
What was the significance of the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain?
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?

6. Agricultural Revolution
Started in 1780s- 5 factors:
Agricultural Revolution-
Increase in food supply- expansion of farmland, good weather, improved transportation, new crops
Lower price in food with less labor
Could buy manufactured goods
Machines replaced human labor

7. Urbanization – Movement of people to cities Capital
Population grew
Urbanization – Movement of people to cities
Peasants moved to towns
Capital
Ready supply of money
Invested in new machines and factories
Entrepreneurs – people who start their own business

8. Natural resources Supply of markets
Rivers= water power for factories and transportation of raw materials
Coal and iron ore
Supply of markets
Colonies
Ship goods
Domestic markets increased
Tenement Buildings - Apartments

9. A. Cotton Production and New Factories
Cottage industry- tasks done by individuals in rural homes
Inexpensive way to manufacture cloth goods

10. Inventions made cottage industry inefficient
Spinning jenny- faster thread production
Water-powered loom- faster weaving of cloth
Steam engine- faster machines

11. Water-powered loom
Spinning jenny
Steam engine

12. B. Coal, Iron, and Railroads
Steam engine- crucial to the IR and relied on coal

13. Railroads- locomotives used to transport more goods quickly
New jobs created
Less expensive transportation  lower-priced goods  larger markets
More sales  more demand  more need for factories and machines
Regular, ongoing economic growth is the basic feature of the industrial economy

15. What was the significance of the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain?
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?

16. II. The Spread of Industrialization
What factors fed the spread of industrialization in Europe and North America?

18. Great Britain- the first industrialized nation in the world
Richest nation
½ of world’s coal and manufactured goods
Cotton industry = industries of all European countries combined

19. Belgium, France, and German states next to be industrialized
Governments promoted it

20. IR reaches America in the first half of the 19th century
Increase in population  increase in cities
Good transportation system created
Roads, canals, and steamboats to connect east and west
Railroad- most important development in American transportation; continental U.S.

21. Women and girls worked in textile factories

22. Video

23. What factors fed the spread of industrialization in Europe and North America?

24. III. Social Impact of Industrialization
What was the social impact of industrialization in Europe?

25. A. Population Growth and Urbanization
European population doubled ( mill. people/ mill.)
Decline in death rates, wars, epidemic diseases and increase in food supply

26. Migration Global migration- large movement of peoples across the globe
Famine and poverty caused move to America

27. Europe Industrialization and urbanization in Europe
Movement of people from countryside to cities to work in factories
London became the largest city 2.5 million people
50% of population live in town and cities

28. B. New Social Classes
Industrial capitalism- economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing
Industrial middle class- people who built factories, bought machines, developed markets
Industrial working class- awful working conditions; hour work days/6 days a week, no minimum wage, no job security, cramped conditions

29. Role of women and children
2/3 of cotton industry workforce
Factory Act of minimum age at 9 and limited work hours for children
After women 50% of workforce in textile factories, paid ½ or less than men
After change in work hours- women took daily care of children and worked low-paying jobs at home while men became income earners

32. C. Early Socialism
Socialism- economic system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls some means of production
Karl Marx – wrote book called Communist Manifesto
Popular belief among lower class citizens

33. Labor Unions Were formed as a result of the changing nature of work
Labor union - legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States
Sought to address issues such as working conditions, wages and terms of employment.

34. Collective Bargaining
Concept of creating contract between employers and workers
Employees negotiate working conditions and salary terms with their bosses
If terms cannot be met, workers go on strike

35. Problems in Society
Several problems occurred in society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a result of the following:
Industrial capitalism
Urbanization
Political corruption

36. Farmer’s Alliance and Populism in U.S.
Populism: siding with the “people” over the “elites”
Established as a reaction to poor conditions resulting from industrialization
Based among poor white cotton farmers in the south and wheat farmers in the Great Plaines
Showed hostility to banks, railroads, and elites
Populist party selected William Jennings Bryan as a presidential candidate

37. Muckrackers Journalists who exposed Political corruption
Corporate and industrial practices
Social injustice in urban America

38. Anti-Trust Laws
Antitrust legislation – meant to regulate the actions of corporations and businesses
Monopoly – when one business controls all aspects of production for a product

39. Pure Food and Drug Act
Prevented the sale of misbranded or altered food and drug products
Ensured meat products were slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

41. Federal Reserve Act
Created the central banking system of the United States
Controls the money supply in the United States

42. Progressive Reforms in U.S.
Conservation gains (U.S. Forest Service/National Park Service)
Made political process more democratic
16th Amendment – power of Congress to levy income taxes
17th Amendment – direct election of U.S. Senators
18th Amendment – Prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales
19th Amendment – women’s suffrage rights