1. The French Revolution 1

2. https://youtu.be/IpKqCu6RcdI

4. Causes Social: Political: Economic: Estates General(The Three Estates)
The Enlightenment
Political:
Weak leaders (Absolute Monarch)
Economic:
Financial debt

5. 10,000 Maniacs: “Lions Share”
CROSS THIS OUT ON YOUR NOTES
Who do the lambs represent in this song?
Who does the lion represent in this song?
What do you think is suggested in the last line of this song? 5

6. Social Causes 3 Estate System: 1st Estate = clergy
1% of population and owned 10% of land
Paid 2% of their income to the government
2nd Estate = nobles and aristocrats
2% of population and owned 20% of land
Did not pay any taxes
3rd Estate = peasants, and artisans
97% of population
Most paid 50% of income to the nobles, church and/or King 6

7. Political Causes Weak Absolute Monarch:
Absolute Monarch: Monarch is ultimate governing authority and is not restrained by laws or a constitution.
King Louis XIV: Considered himself the “Sun King” (believed he was God’s representative = divine right) 7

8. Economic Causes Financial Debt:
French government had accumulated a large national debt from:
1.) Supporting the colonies during the American Revolution.
2.) Extravagant spending on courts, jewelry, parties, and clothing (Who did most of this spending?) 8

9. Discontent in France
Faced with financial crisis, the French Government called a meeting of the Estates General (the French parliamentary body) in May of 1789.
The Estates General was made up of members of the First (clergy), Second (nobility), and Third (commoners) Estates and met at Versailles.
During the following month, the First and Second Estate clashed with the Third Estate on a variety of issues, including the right to vote by head instead of by order.

10. The Tennis Court Oath
On June 17, the Third Estate decided to break from the Estates General and draw up their own constitution.
On June 20, 1789 they found themselves locked out of their regular meeting place, and so they gathered in an nearby tennis court and vowed that they would continue to meet until they had established a new constitution for France.
This was the first step of the French Revolution, as the Third Estate had no right to act as the National Assembly

11. Storming of the Bastille
Events at Bastille
July 14, 1789
Local government trying to get arms (Gun Powder)
Revolts in the countryside

12. Video Clip: Gap Between Rich and Poor

13. Reign of Terror Lead by extremist in the National Assembly
Period of extreme violence during the French Revolution
Guillotine (new instrument of justice)
Government: Revolutionary Tribunal
Exercised broad dictatorial powers
Ordered the execution of 2,400 people in Paris by July 1794 (30,000 killed in France) 13

14. Maximilien Robespierre
Radical revolutionary leader
“Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible”
Wanted to eliminate all who were associated with the monarchy
Executed by followers (ends the Reign of Terror) 14

15. Based on the figure above, in what stage would the Reign of Terror belong?
A) Return of Moderates
B) Rule by Radical Revolutionaries
C) Emergence of a Strong Leader
D) Rule by Moderate Reformers 15

16. Post-Revolutionary France
Constitutional Monarchy (The Directory)
Overthrown in 1799 by a coup d’etat led by Napoleon Bonaparte
coup d’etat: sudden and violent overthrow of an existing government
Napoleon eventually becomes the military dictator of France 16

17. Napoleon’s Rule
Napoleon established many reforms in France that are still present today:
Strengthened the economy through tax reform and created a national bank (bank of France)
Established a public school system that stressed nationalism
Set up a centralized government (under his control) 17

18. Centralized Government
What is a centralized government?
What is an example of a centralized government? 18

19. Napoleon’s Impact
Napoleonic Code: French civil code established by Napoleon
Included:
1.) Social equality
2.) Religious toleration
3.) Trial by jury 19

20. Napoleon’s Impact
As Napoleon conquered much of Europe, he introduced the Napoleonic Code and its ideals.
This led to the abolishment of serfdom, religious toleration, and reforming the local laws in the newly conquered lands. 20

21. Napoleon’s Impact
French rule was greatly resented by others, which unintentionally fueled the growth of nationalism.
Napoleon also weakened Spain, which lost its colonial empire in Latin America to independence movements. 21

22. Big Picture
While French nationalism soared, other European nations resented the French armies that were conquering Europe. 22

23. Big Picture
Nationalism increased in nations conquered by Napoleon, which led to revolts.
Example:
Those in Spain and Portugal rebelled against the French rule and used guerilla warfare (hit and run tactics) to force the French out. 23

24. Nationalism
Nationalism: Pride for one’s country and a desire for independence

25. Napoleon’s Downfall Napoleon’s invasion of Russia led to downfall.
French troops drawn deep into Russia as Russian troops retreated.
Scorched earth policy
Harsh winter 25

26. DayQuest 11/21/13
What were three effects of the French Revolution?

27. Aftermath of French Revolution
Congress of Vienna: (1814)
Meeting held by European leaders to establish new borders and control the spread of the revolutionary ideas.
These leaders wanted:
Peace
Balance of power
Restore Monarchs
(crush democratic ideas)

28. French Revolution (long-term effects)
Nationalistic feeling among France, but also around the world.
Violently transformed France from:
Absolute Monarchy
Rigid social hierarchy (3 estates)
To:
Loosened social structure with power passed to the middle class
Democracy (eventually) 28

29. Revolutionary Ideas
Nationalism and independence were products of the French Revolution
Nationalism: pride for one’s country and a desire for independence
These revolutionary ideas spread throughout Europe and around the world 29

30. Nationalism What is nationalism? What effects can it have?
(Graphic Organizer) 30

31. DayQuest 11/22/13
Who were three Libertadores and what did they want to accomplish?

32. Latin American Discontent32

33. Causes of Discontent Social Political Economical
Ethnic and Social hierarchy
Enlightenment Ideas
Political
Independence
Rights and Freedoms
Economical
Colonial rule (mercantilism) 33

34. Social Causes 34

35. Social Hierarchy
What are 3 things that are wrong with the social structure found in the Spanish colonies? 35

36. Social Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement
Enlightenment Ideas:
The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers also spread across Europe due to Napoleon
Ideas from Locke and Montesquieu influenced other nations to revolt and try to establish their own independent government

37. Political Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement
Latin American colonies saw that Spain was weakened by France (Napoleon) and took the opportunity to gain independence
Wanted to establish their own government based on the ideas of the Enlightenment (freedoms and rights) 37

38. Economic Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement
Mercantilism: system in which colonies supplied the parent nation with raw materials and served as a market for its exports
Latin American nations wanted to manufacture their own goods and create their own economic prosperity 38

39. Simon Bolivar
Educated Creole who admired the French and American Revolutions.
A nationalist who wanted independence for Latin American nations.
Known as “the Liberator” for aiding the independence movements in Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 39

40. Other Latin American Nationalists: Libertadores
Miguel Hidalgo (Mexico)
Jose de San Martin (Argentina)
Toussaint L’Ouverture (Haiti)
Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile) 40

41. What accounts for the change shown in the maps?
Using the map, list 3 countries that gained independence from 1790 to 1828.
What accounts for the change shown in the maps? 41

42. Nationalism in Latin America
What effect did nationalism have on Latin America?
A) Bring together
B) Break free
C) Bust apart 42

43. DayQuest 11/25/13
What were three effects of the Latin American Revolutions?