1. History of Health Care

2. State Standard
1) Synthesize information found in news media, professional journals, and trade magazines to create a report and/or presentation on the historical evolution of healthcare in the United States. Use a timeline or other graphic to illustrate major developments beginning with the first medical school through today.
7) Investigate current innovations in healthcare. Develop pro and con arguments based on information found in news media, professional journals, and trade magazines on how innovations have influenced the healthcare system. Support arguments with evidence presented in oral, visual, or written format.

3. Bell Work Who was Ignaz Seimmelweis based on our past lessons?
What did he do or discover?

4. Objectives Students will:
Explore the evolution of healthcare paying attention to specific individual contributors by completing a matching worksheet and creating a fictional historical figure resume’.
Investigate current innovations or in healthcare by creating a timeline of the radiology modalities explaining the pros and cons of each.

5. Individual Contributions

6. Hippocrates (460 – 377 BC)
Greek physician known as the “Father of Medicine”
Authored code of conduct for doctors known as the “Hippocratic Oath” that is the basis of medical practice today
High standard of ethics
Believed illness was not caused
by evil spirits and stressed
importance of good diet, fresh
air, cleanliness, and exercise

7. Rhazes (854-925) AD Arab physician Observed signs and symptoms
Suggested that blood was cause of many infectious diseases
Called father of pediatrics
Began the use of animal gut for suture material
What is a suture or the skill of suturing?

8. Leonardo Da Vinci ( )
One of the first to use dissection to draw the human body realistically.

9. William Harvey ( )
First to recognize full circulation of blood in the human body and provided experimental research to prove it.
British physician to the king
Participated in examining women accused of witchcraft and proved them innocent

10. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Invented the microscope lens that allowed visualization of organisms
First to observe
muscle fibers,
blood vessels,
and even sperm

11. Edward Jenner ( )
Developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796

12. Rene Laennec ( )
Invented the stethoscope in 1819
First stethoscope was made of wood

13. Ignaz Seimelweiss ( )
First to recommend hand-washing to reduce risk of spreading of disease.
Noticed infection rates resulting from doctors leaving the cadavers and to deliver babies.

14. Dorthea Dix (1802-1887) Educator and social reformer
Dedicated her life to the welfare of the mentally ill
Most individuals suffering from mental illness were placed in asylums, ignored or neglected, even caged
These individuals were treated as though they could not learn or feel

15. Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
Known as the “Founder of Modern Nursing”
Established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean War in 1854
Invented the call bell system and use of dumbwaiters to deliver meals
Begin the professional education of nurses

16. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) Known as the “Father of Microbiology”
His germ theory proved that microorganisms cause disease
Proved that heat can be used
to destroy germs through a
process called pasteurization
Created a vaccine for rabies in
1885
Founded the basic rules for
sterilization

17. Joseph Lister ( )
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs. It was also used to sterilize surgical instruments.
First doctor to
use an antiseptic
during surgery.

18. Clara Barton ( )
Volunteer nurse for wounded soldiers during the Civil War
After Civil War, established a bureau of records to search for missing men
Campaigned for the USA to sign
the Treaty of Geneva, which
provided relief for sick and
wounded soldiers
Formed American Red Cross
in 1881 and served as its first
president

19. Gregory Mendel ( )
Established principles of heredity and dominance and recessive genes.
Father of genetics.

20. Robert Koch ( )
Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
Isolated the bacterium
that causes tuberculosis

21. Wilhelm Roentgen ( )
Discovered roentgenograms (X-rays) in 1895
Let doctors see inside the body
X-rayed wife’s hand

22. Carl Landsteiner (1901) Alexander Wiener (1937)
In 1901, establishes ABO Blood Types
Four groups (A, B, AB, and O)
In 1937, both discovered an extra antigen an then classified the distinctions of Rh- or RH+. (Tested on Rhesus monkeys).

23. Marie Curie (1867-1934) Discovered radium and polonium
Coined the phrase radioactivity
First woman to win the Nobel Prize (she was awarded twice)
Directed radioactive treatments
Invented mobile x-ray
to be used during the war

24. Frederick Banting and Charles Best (1922)
Discovered and used insulin to treat diabetes.

25. Sigmund Freud ( )
Discovered the conscious and unconscious part of the mind
His studies were the basis for psychology and psychiatry

26. Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)
Discovered penicillin in 1928 which is considered one of the most
important
discoveries of
the twentieth
century
What is penicillin?

27. Jonas Salk (1914-1995) Albert Sabin (1906 – 1993)
Created polio vaccine
Saved many people from
this virus that paralyzed
thousands of adults and
children each year.
(dead or live pathogen?)

28. Francis Crick (1916 – 2004) James Watson (1928 - )
Described the structure of DNA and how it carries genetic information in 1953
Built a three-dimensional
model of the molecules
of DNA
Shared the Noble Prize
in 1962

29. Christian Barnard (1922 – 2001)
Performed first successful heart transplant in 1968

30. Ben Carson ( )
Famous for his surgeries to separate Siamese twins
Director of
Pediatric Neurosurgery
at John Hopkins
He has refined
hemispherectomy, a
surgery on the brain
to stop seizures