1. US Educational Finances New York – Ohio – Pennsylvania 2013 to 2016
Toby Trotta
DSCI 101

2. Data Source
US Educational Finances – Revenues and expenditures for U.S. grade schools, by year and state
Roy Garrard
Retrieved 9/20/2018, Updated ~ 3 months ago

3. Enrollment’s Correlation to Revenue and Expenditures
Which aspects influence revenue and expenditures?
State
Year
Enrollment

4. Total Unused File Sizes:
Files Not Accessed/Unknown
states.csv
districts.csv
school15doc.pdf (Data descriptions)
PY Files
create_districts_csv.py
create_naep_csv.py
create_states_csv.py
main.py
naep.csv – test scores
NDE – Compressed (zipped) Folder
elsect – Compressed (zipped) Folder
requirements.txt – random
Could be used for further analysis:
To compare test scores with revenue/expenditures and if they are statistically significant
Total Used File Sizes:
12,552 KB
Total Unused File Sizes:
73,514 KB

5. Revenue Field Three Fields: Federal Revenue
Total Revenue from Federal Sources
Compensatory, Children with Disabilities, Child Nutrition Act
State Revenue
Total Revenue from State Sources
General formula assistance, Special education programs, Transportation
Local Revenue
Total Revenue from Local Sources
Taxes, Parent government contributions, Property taxes

6. Expenditure Field Four Fields Instruction Expenditure
Total Current Spending for Instruction
Salaries and wages for instruction, Employee benefits
Support Services Expenditure
Total Current Spending for Support Services
Pupil support, Instructional staff, General & School Administration
Capital Outlay Expenditure
Total Capital Outlay Expenditure
Outside payments, assumed also to be plant, property, and equipment
Other Expenditure
Not specified

7. Data Cleaning Initial states.csv included 4,489,932 cells 374,161 x 12
[Every School District – 50 States, ] x [Categories: Revenue/Expenditure Fields, including totals]
Narrowed down:
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania 95,516 cells
Using Totals > 120 cells
END OF SLIDE: Introduce Enrollments

8. *All values in Millions
New York
2013
2.630
2014
2.619
2015
2.632
2016
2.591
Ohio
1.614
1.602
1.600
1.595
Pennsylvania
1.624
1.605
1.589
1.573
Enrollment
*All values in Millions
New York Highest Average – million
Ohio – million
Pennsylvania – million

9. New York Revenue Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of Dollars
Y – axis:
40 million / 5 Million
New York Revenue Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of Dollars
Local Revenue obviously is the highest
Federal Revenue (Covering Children with Disabilities + Nutrition Act) is the lowest – Nutrition Act, assumedly the amount is just to uphold a certain standard

10. New York Expenditure Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of Dollars
Y – axis:
50 million / 5 Million
New York Expenditure Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of Dollars
Instructional Expenditure is the highest
Other, (unknown) is lowest
Focus on Capital Outlay: Not as many investments: building, property

11. New York School Profit/Loss *All amounts are in millions of dollars
Y – axis:
80 million / 10 Million
New York School Profit/Loss *All amounts are in millions of dollars
Each year’s loss increased, no bueno

12. OHIO REVENUE BREAKDOWN *ALL AMOUNTS ARE IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
Y – axis:
40 million / 5 Million
OHIO REVENUE BREAKDOWN *ALL AMOUNTS ARE IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
So short is in comparison/identical scale to New York
^ 1/3 the size of New York

13. Ohio Expenditure Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of dollars
Y – axis:
50 million / 5 Million
Ohio Expenditure Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of dollars
¼ Size of New York, where the enrollment is only averaged 1 million less per year

14. Ohio School Profit/Loss *All amounts are In millions of dollars
Y – axis:
80 million / 10 Million
Ohio School Profit/Loss *All amounts are In millions of dollars
Each year resulted in a profit
Are there rules in the Ohio school board that encourage schools to at least control their finances to break-even?

15. Pennsylvania Revenue Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of dollars
Y – axis:
40 million / 5 Million
Pennsylvania Revenue Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of dollars
Ohio’s average population was slightly higher than Pennsylvania, but Pennsylvania’s revenue were higher
Higher taxes?
More state support?

16. Y – axis:
50 million / 5 Million
Pennsylvania Expenditure Breakdown *All amounts are in millions of Dollars
Ohio’s average population was slightly higher than Pennsylvania, but Pennsylvania’s expenses were higher
Higher teacher salaries?

17. Y – axis:
80 million / 10 Million
Pennsylvania School Profit/Loss *All amounts are In millions of dollars
Minimal loss and profit per year, possible PA goal is to keep educational finances at break-even points

18. Enrollment Correlations
Enrollment
Revenue
Expenditures
New York
2.630
59.624
60.506
2.619
61.337
62.556
2.632
63.712
65.095
2.591
66.913
68.282
Ohio
1.614
22.537
22.016
1.602
23.298
21.848
1.600
24.379
22.562
1.595
23.767
23.353
Pennsylvania
1.624
28.485
28.495
1.605
29.068
28.621
1.589
29.967
29.691
1.573
31.077
30.925
*Amounts are in millions/Millions of Dollars
First look at New York

19. State Correlations Legend is true for each graph
Ohio and Pennsylvania had made a profit most of the years, if not all
New York did not maintain a profit.
!!! None of these graphs make sense:
The lower the enrollment, the higher revenue & expenditures.
Assume it would be the other way around
The higher the enrollment, the lower the revenue & expenditures
Why is that?