1. 𝑲𝑵𝑶 𝟑 Potassium Nitrate
Kemal VATANSEVER
9-D 216

2. Origin of 𝑲𝑵𝑶 𝟑 In 1270, by the chemist and engineer Hasan al-Rammah
In his book al-Furusiyya wa al-Manasib al-Harbiyya
Origin of 𝑲𝑵𝑶 𝟑

3. First the purification of barud.
The manufacture of gunpowder and explosive devices.
From a Chinese origin for the gunpowder weapons about the book. 
Potassium nitrate was called:
"Chinese snow" by Arabs
"Chinese salt" by Iranians.

4. Development It attend the world by the usage in gunpowder.
Highly important in19th century.
From the end of World War
Almost all potassium nitrate is used as a fine chemical
It is produced from basic potassium salts and nitric acid.
Development

5. Production NH4NO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) → NH3 (g) + KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l)
(Too dangerous)
NH4NO3 (aq) + KCl (aq) → NH4Cl (aq) + KNO3 (aq)
KOH (aq) + HNO3 → KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l)
(Highly exothermic)
Production

6. Properties Molar mass 101.1032 g/mol(101) Odor Odorless
Melting point 334 °C
Boiling point 400 °C (Decomposition)
Acidity(pH) 7(Nearly Neutral)
Properties

7. Structure Changes According to States
Potassium nitrate has an orthorhombic crystal structure at room temperature.
It transforms to a trigonal system at 129 °C.
Above 560 °C, decomposition takes places by generating potassium nitrite and oxygen:
2 KNO3 → 2 KNO2 + O2
Structure Changes According to States

8. Usage Fertilizer A source of nitrogen and potassium for plants.
Oxidizer
One of the three components of black powder, with powdered charcoal (carbon) and sulfur.
In combination with other fuels, such as, with sugars in rocket candy .
Fireworks, Smoke bombs
Pre-rolled cigarettes for maintaining an even burn of the tobacco.
Usage

9. Food Preservation
For preservation of salted meat since the Middle Ages
Due to inconsistent results compared to more modern nitrate and nitrite compounds it is less used.

10. Pharmacology
In toothpastes for sensitive teeth and increasing rate of use.
To relieve asthma symptoms again in toothpastes.
Treating of asthma and arthritis.

11. Experiment 𝐾𝑁𝑂 3 (Potassium Nitrate) 𝐻𝐶𝑙 (Hydrogen Chloride)
Precipitation Reaction
Experiment

12. During the experiment 𝐾𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) 𝐾𝐶𝑙 (𝑠) + 𝐻𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞)
𝐾𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) 𝐾𝐶𝑙 (𝑠) + 𝐻𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞)
Potassium Nitrate + Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Chlorine + Nitric Acid
During the experiment

13. Let’s Do the Experiment
Thanks for Listening
Let’s Do the Experiment