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1/12-PHONES AWAY If you did not turn zork in yesterday, place it in the gray box. Have your spongebob paper out. Stamp #5 Spongebob 3 Last day to re-take/take.

Published byGodfrey Mitchell Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "1/12-PHONES AWAY If you did not turn zork in yesterday, place it in the gray box. Have your spongebob paper out. Stamp #5 Spongebob 3 Last day to re-take/take."— Presentation transcript:

1 1/12-PHONES AWAY If you did not turn zork in yesterday, place it in the gray box. Have your spongebob paper out. Stamp #5 Spongebob 3 Last day to re-take/take original meiosis quiz.

2 Predicting TWO traits at once!
Dihybrid Crosses Predicting TWO traits at once!

3 White-spotted beetles are dominant over solid colored beetles
White-spotted beetles are dominant over solid colored beetles. A heterozygous male is crossed with a solid colored female. What is the mother’s genotype? ___________ What is the father’s genotype?_____________ Diagram a Punnett Square for this cross. What is the genotypic ratio? ____________ 10.What is the phenotypic ratio? __________ 11.What is the probability of producing a spotted beetle? ________________

4 AA TT cc Ss gg Hh ss Jj ZZ ll Gg
Brown fur (b) Purple flowers (P) Green skin (G) Long Hair (l)

5 Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment
What is the Law of Independent Assortment? Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. What does that really mean? The inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene. Just because you got your dad’s “tall” gene doesn’t mean you will also necessarily get his “blue eye” gene – the two aren’t connected!

6 the two aren’t connected!
We said… Just because you got your dad’s “tall” gene doesn’t mean you will also necessarily get his “brown eye” gene – the two aren’t connected! But what if we want to know the chances that you DO get both genes? Or what if we want to know the chances of not one particular gene, but TWO particular genes? Would a regular Punnett Square work? NO!!!

7 Dihybrid cross In order to predict TWO traits at once,
you will need to do a... Dihybrid cross Four possible combinations of genes on the top and side (parental gametes) Sixteen total possible gene combinations (offspring)

8 Now lets try our own example….

9 Both plants he is starting with are RrYy
People like to eat green, round peas – not wrinkled and not yellow! So a farmer would want to know, if he was breeding plants, what the chances are that he would get the ideal crop (and make the most money!). The Facts: R = round r = wrinkled Y = yellow y = green Both plants he is starting with are RrYy So we need to make a GIANT Punnett Square to cross RrYy x RrYy…and then figure out the “chances” that the farmer will get round, green offspring!

10 RrYy RrYy RY rY RY rY ry Ry Ry ry
When you are predicting only one trait, each parent has two possible genes to give. When you are predicting two traits, each parent has FOUR possible genes to give! Parent 1: Parent 2: RrYy RrYy So Parent 1 could give the following four combinations of genes to their offspring… And Parent 2 could give the following four combinations of genes to their offspring… RY rY RY rY ry Ry Ry ry

11 RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYY
Parent 1: RrYy RY Ry rY ry RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYy Parent 2: rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

12 So what do they look like?
Parent 1: RrYy RY Ry rY ry So what do they look like? RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYy Round, Yellow Round, green Round, Yellow Round, green Parent 2: rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy Round, Yellow Round, Yellow wrinkled, Yellow wrinkled, Yellow ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy Round, Yellow Round, green wrinkled, Yellow wrinkled, green

13 So what do they look like? NOW LET’S MAKE SOME PREDICTIONS!
Parent 1: RrYy RY Ry rY ry So what do they look like? RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy NOW LET’S MAKE SOME PREDICTIONS! Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYy Round, Yellow Round, green Round, Yellow Round, green Parent 2: rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy Round, Yellow Round, Yellow wrinkled, Yellow wrinkled, Yellow ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy Round, Yellow Round, green wrinkled, Yellow wrinkled, green

14 NO! 3 out of 16 (just 18.75%) RY Ry rY ry RY 12 out of 16 or 75% Ry rY
How many of the farmer’s plants will produce the desired Round, green peas? 3 out of 16 (just 18.75%) How many will produce the yellow peas, which no one will want to buy? RY Ry rY ry RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy RY Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Round, Yellow Round, Yellow 12 out of 16 or 75% RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy Ry Round, Yellow Round, green Round, Yellow Round, green So would it be wise for the farmer to cross these two RrYy plants? RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy rY Round, Yellow Round, Yellow wrinkled, Yellow wrinkled, Yellow RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy NO! ry Round, Yellow Round, green wrinkled, Yellow wrinkled, green

15 Ready for another example?!?

16 Circus Freaks!!! Dog-faced Man This husband and wife want the ultimate circus freak kid – one with elephant skin and a hairy face! If they have a baby, what are the chances that they’ll have the ideal circus freak? And what are the chances that they will just have a normal kid?!?!

17 The Facts: Normal Face = F Hairy Face = f Normal Skin = Q
Elephant Skin = q Dog-faced Man Dad must be ff for face. Genetic tests show he is Qq for skin. Mom must be qq for skin. Her dad was also “dog-faced”, so we know that she must be Ff for face.

18 The Facts: 16! Fq or Fq or fq or fq fQ or fQ or fq or fq
So Mom is Ffqq And Dad is ffQq Which means that Mom and Dad each can give FOUR possible combination of the two genes…. Mom could give Dad could give Fq or Fq or fq or fq fQ or fQ or fq or fq If they each can give FOUR possible combination of genes, how many boxes is our Punnett Square going to have? 16!

19 Mom = Ffqq Fq Fq fq fq FfQq FfQq ffQq ffQq fQ Ffqq Ffqq ffqq ffqq fq Dad = ffQq FfQq FfQq ffQq ffQq fQ Ffqq Ffqq ffqq ffqq fq

20 NOW LET’S MAKE SOME PREDICTIONS!
Mom = Ffqq Fq Fq fq fq FfQq FfQq ffQq ffQq NOW LET’S MAKE SOME PREDICTIONS! fQ Normal face, normal skin Normal face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Ffqq Ffqq ffqq ffqq fq Normal face, elephant skin Normal face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin Dad = ffQq FfQq FfQq ffQq ffQq fQ Normal face, normal skin Normal face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Ffqq Ffqq ffqq ffqq fq Normal face, elephant skin Normal face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin

21 4 out of 16 (25%) 4 out of 16 or 25% 8 out of 16 100%!
How many of the circus freaks children will be “ideal” circus freaks themselves, with elephant skin and a hairy face? 4 out of 16 (25%) How many of their kids will be perfectly normal? Fq Fq fq fq FfQq FfQq ffQq ffQq fQ Normal face, normal skin Normal face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin 4 out of 16 or 25% Ffqq Ffqq ffqq ffqq How many will have just one circus freak trait? fq Normal face, elephant skin Normal face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin 8 out of 16 FfQq FfQq ffQq ffQq fQ How many will carry a recessive gene that they may pass on to their children? Normal face, normal skin Normal face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Hairy face, normal skin Ffqq Ffqq ffqq ffqq fq 100%! Normal face, elephant skin Normal face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin Hairy face, elephant skin

22 Dihybrid Cross BbRr x BbRr Possible gametes: BR Br bR br

23 Dihybrid Crosses: a cross that shows the possible offspring for two traits
BBRR BbRR BbRr BBRr BBrr Bbrr bbRR bbRr bbrr Fur Color: B: Black b: White Coat Texture: R: Rough r: Smooth BbRr x BbRr Phenotypic Ratio: :3:3:1

24 BBRR BbRR BbRr BBRr BBrr Bbrr bbRR bbRr bbrr
How many of the offspring would have black, rough coat? How many of the offspring would have a brown, smooth coat? How many of the offspring would have a brown, rough coat? If mouse #1 were crossed with mouse #16, what would their offspring look like? BR bR br Br BBRR BbRR BbRr BBRr BBrr Bbrr bbRR bbRr bbrr 1 16

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