2. What You Will Do Identify factors that influence your food choices.
Explain the role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your eating plan.
Identify the recommended daily amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

3. Terms to Know nutrients nutrition culture carbohydrates proteins fats
calorie
adipose tissue
dietary fiber
amino acids
vegetarian
saturated fatty acids
trans fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
cholesterol
LDL
HDL

4. The Importance of Nutrition
Personal fitness requires positive lifestyle choices including physical activity and healthful eating.

5. Healthful Eating
Nutrition
The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food.
Nutrients
Substances in food that your body needs for energy, proper growth, body maintenance, and functioning.
Terms to Know
Nutrition
The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food.
Terms to Know
Good nutrition involves eating a variety of healthful foods.
Healthful eating means taking in the proper amount of nutrients each day.

6. The shared customs, traditions, and beliefs of a particular group.
Healthful Eating
Culture
The shared customs, traditions, and beliefs of a particular group.
Term to Know
These are some of the factors that influence your food choices:
Hunger
Appetite
Culture
Family and friends
Emotions
Convenience and cost
Advertising

7. The starches and sugars found in food.
Nutrients for Energy
Carbohydrates
The starches and sugars found in food.
Term to Know
There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.
Carbohydrates are the body’s chief source of energy.

8. Nutrients that help build, maintain, and repair body tissues.
Nutrients for Energy
Proteins
Nutrients that help build, maintain, and repair body tissues.
Term to Know
There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.
Proteins serve as a secondary source of energy.

9. Nutrients for Energy
Fats
Substances that supply a concentrated form of energy and help transport other nutrients to locations in the body where they are needed.
Term to Know
There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.
Fats, or lipids, are another type of nutrient that provide energy.

10. Healthful Eating Your body’s energy needs are measured in calories.
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (about a quart) of water 1 degree Celsius.
Term to Know
Your body’s energy needs are measured in calories.

11. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are classified as: Simple carbohydrates
These are sugars found in fruits, candy, cookies and soda.
They provide quick energy.
Complex carbohydrates
These are starches found in vegetables like corn and potatoes, as well as breads, cereals, pastas, rice, and dry beans.
They provide sustained energy.

12. Carbohydrates
Adipose tissue
Body fat.
Term to Know
If a person takes in more carbohydrates than their body can use for energy or store as glycogen, the excess glucose is stored as adipose tissue.

13. Carbohydrates
Dietary fiber
A special subclass of complex carbohydrates that has several functions, including aiding the body in digestion.
Term to Know
Dietary fiber is not digestible in humans and thus provides no calories.

14. Protein
Protein is a component of bones, connective tissue, skin, blood, and vital organs.
Your body needs protein to:
grow, repair, and maintain itself
help fight disease
supply energy

15. The building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
The building blocks of proteins.
Term to Know
There are 22 different amino acids.
Your body can manufacture all but nine. These are called essential amino acids because you must get them from the foods you eat.

16. Protein There are two types of proteins found in foods:
Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.
Animal products such as meats and dairy products are sources of complete proteins.
Incomplete proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids.
With the exception of soybeans, plant foods are incomplete proteins.

17. Protein
Vegetarians
Individuals who eliminate meat, fish, and poultry from their eating plans.
Term to Know
Vegetarians must eat a variety of plant-based foods and dairy products to ensure an adequate intake of complete proteins.
Vegans are vegetarians who also eliminate eggs and dairy products from their diets.

18. Fats The positive properties of fats:
Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or protein.
Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to build body tissue.
Fats enhance the flavor and texture of foods
Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.

19. Fats The negative properties of fats:
Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease.
Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer.
Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue.
Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity.
Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.

20. Fats Fats are classified into three basic types: Saturated Fatty Acids
Trans
Fatty Acids
Unsaturated
Fatty Acids

21. Fats
Saturated fatty acids
Fats that come mainly from animal fats, including butter and lard, and are often solid at room temperature.
Term to Know
Saturated fatty acids are found in many foods, including fatty meats, cheese, ice cream, whole milk, palm oil, and coconut oil.

22. Fats that are formed when certain oils are processed into solids.
Trans fatty acids
Fats that are formed when certain oils are processed into solids.
Term to Know
Trans fatty acids are in processed foods such as margarine and shortening.
They can often be identified by the words partially hydrogenated in the list of ingredients.

23. Unsaturated fatty acids
Fats
Unsaturated fatty acids
Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature and come mainly from plant sources.
Term to Know
Unsaturated fatty acids include corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and some fish oils.

24. Fats Saturated fats and trans fat contain cholesterol.
A fatlike substance that is produced in the liver and circulates in the blood.
Term to Know
Saturated fats and trans fat contain cholesterol.
Cholesterol circulates through the bloodstream in fat-protein “packages” called lipoproteins.

25. Fats There are two types of lipoproteins.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
A type of compound that carries cholesterol from the liver to areas of the body where it is needed.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
A type of compound that picks up excess cholesterol and returns it to the liver.
Terms to Know
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
A type of compound that carries cholesterol from the liver to areas of the body where it is needed.
Terms to Know
There are two types of lipoproteins.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

26. Fats Fats should make up about 20% to 30% of your daily calories.
To reduce your fat intake:
Limit your use of solid fats.
Choose fat-free or low-fat products.

27. Vocabulary What is nutrition?
Lesson 1 Review
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. Recall
Saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids raise cholesterol.
2. Vocabulary
Two types of carbohydrates are simple and complete. Examples will vary.
1. Vocabulary
The study of food and how your body uses the substances in food.
Vocabulary What is nutrition?
Vocabulary List two categories of carbohydrates. Name two foods that are a good source of each type.
Recall What are the three types of fatty acids? Which two raise blood cholesterol levels?

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