1. MITOSIS:
EQ: How does Mitosis result in two genetically identical daughter cells?

2. Reproduction Sexual Asexual
Combining genetic material from two individuals of different sexes to produce a generically unique offspring
Gametes (Sex Cells)
Sperm and Egg
Haploid = one set of chromosomes (23- half)
Symbolized as n 
One organism makes an EXACT copy of itself resulting in genetically identical organisms
Somatic Cells (body cells)
3. Diploid = two sets of
chromosomes (46- double)
Symbolized as 2n 
Think “hap” like Half!
The prefix “di” means…

3. The Cell Cycle Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
The following steps are included in the cell cycle : 
Interphase: Cell Growth G1 S G2
Mitosis:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis 

4. Multicellular Organisms Unicellular Organisms
Growth 
Repair
Development
Occurs in somatic (body cells) 
 Unicellular Organisms 
Asexual Reproduction (No genetic variation)
Prokaryotes called Binary fission (no nucleus to divide)
Purpose of Mitosis 
Result for Both: 2 New IDENTICAL Cells with the same number of chromosomes

5. Mitosis Divide the nucleus of the cell Before Mitosis Occurs:
Recall: what is inside the nucleus?
Before Mitosis Occurs:
the DNA must be “packaged” into chromosomes to make sure our DNA divides correctly so that both daughter cells get a complete and exact copy

6. Chromosomes
long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information.
- As the nucleus prepares to divide, replicated DNA in interphase joins to form sister chromatids, held together by a centromere.

7. Chromosome Structures
Chromatin - spaghetti structure of DNA during interphase
Chromatid – half of a duplicated Chromosome
Centromere- hold the sister chromatids together (CENTER) to form a duplicated chromosome
*Humans have 46 chromosomes*

8. Mitotic Chromosome Duplicated chromosome made of
2 sister chromatids held together at centromere
Each chromatid contain identical copies of DNA
single-stranded
Chromosome
double-stranded
Chromosome
THIS IS MEIOSIS
mitosis
Interphase

9. Mitosis – Essential Vocabulary
Centrioles
animal cells ONLY!
Help coordinate cell division
Spindle fibers
elongations of the centrioles & attach at the centromere to separate chromatids

10. Interphase Prepares for mitosis grows duplicates DNA
90% of cell life cycle
cell doing its “everyday job”
DNA loosely packed in long chromatin fibers
Nucleus well-defined
Prepares for mitosis
grows
duplicates DNA
produces proteins & organelles

11. Prophase Package! Chromatin condenses into duplicated chromosomes
DNA is wound up into chromosomes to keep it organized
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell.
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
Package!

12. Why would this be important?
Metaphase
Chromosomes align along metaphase plate in the middle of cell
meta = middle
spindle fibers coordinate movement to ensure chromosomes
separate properly
so each new nucleus
receives only 1 copy of
each chromosome
Why would this be important?
Middle!
(metaphase)

13. Anaphase - Away! Poles move farther APART Sister chromatids separate
move AWAY to opposite poles
pulled APART at centromeres
Poles move farther APART
cell lengthens (gets bigger/longer)
Away!

14. Telophase – Two (nuclei)! Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
Nucleus forms again
Chromosomes unwind into chromatin
Spindle fibers withdraw
Two (nuclei)!

15. Cytokinesis – Cut (into 2)!
Cell’s cytoplasm divides to form two separate genetically identical cells
Different process in plant and animal cells
Cut (into 2)!
Cyto = “cell”
Kinesis = “movement”

16. Cytokinesis: Animals Constriction belt around equator of cell
Forms cleavage furrow
splits cell in two
like tightening a draw string

17. Cytokinesis: Plants cell plate forms from the middle outward
new cell wall forms between membranes then fuses with existing cell wall

18. Overview of mitosis P.M.A.T.C. Please Make Another Two Cells
interphase
prophase
(pro-metaphase)
Please Make Another Two Cells
cytokinesis
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

19. Result 2 New “daughter” cells for plant or animal cell
Get 2 exact copies of original cells – 46 chromosomes
same DNA
“clones”
Why is it important in mitosis that the two new cells produced have the same DNA as the parent?

20. Chromosome/Chromatid
Mitosis (honors)
C- level 2
H- ask three before me, use your notes!
A – color, cut, and label the cells in each stage of Mitosis
M- remain seated at your table. Walking around will be a strike
P – complete your own mitosis cycle and glue in you’re notebook on pg 71
Success!
Create a key to Color and Label the following parts in each:
Chromosome/Chromatid
Centromere
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Nucleus
Each team member will be responsible for a phase. They will break off in their small group, master their phase, and go back to teach their home group.

21. Chromosome/chromatids
Mitosis (standard)
C- level 2
H- ask three before me, use your notes!
A – color, cut, and label the cells in each stage of Mitosis
M- remain seated at your table. Walking around will be a strike
P – complete your own mitosis cycle and glue in you’re notebook on pg 71
Success!
Create a key to Color and Label the following parts in each:
Chromosome/chromatids
Centromere
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cut out the pictures and glue the pictures into your notebook in the proper order of mitosis. Briefly describe what is happening in each phase.

22. Exit ticket
Clear your desk

23. Exit ticket
How does the process of Mitosis result in two genetically identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each?