1. Get out your Do NOW
Happy Tuesday!

2. Activity: Agree/Disagree 1 sentence about something you agree with in the news. 1 sentence about something you disagree with in the news.
CNN 10
World Connection: Why is it critical to push ISIS out of Syria? Think about big and small impacts.

3. Which continents was the Roman Empire located on?

5. Roman Republic

6. Geography
Rome is located on the peninsula of Italy. The Mediterranean Sea provided transportation and food.
Italy provided fertile plains and river valleys for food and easy communication.
How does this geography compare to Greece? Does it seem easier or more difficult to unite?
Why would the location of Rome be beneficial in the creation of a civilization/empire? No natural barriers creating multiple city-states, located on a broad plain, supported large population due to farming, multiple trade routs for more cultural diffusion
Why would this location force Rome to have a strong military?

7. Society was Divided Into Classes
Upper class Romans were known as patricians. These people held nearly all the important political offices.
Common farmers, artisans, and merchants were known as plebeians.
These two classes were based on birth alone. The line between the two classes was extremely rigid.
Plebians had minimal influence in the government – they did try to make effort in politics, they did this by gaining the right to their own officials called tribunes – they were able to veto laws that they felt were not beneficial for the group

8. Roman Society
Roman families were headed by the eldest male. The Romans emphasized discipline, strength, and loyalty.
Women had many rights and duties in Roman society. However, she did not have the right to vote.
Officially, the Roman women were expected to remain in the background.
The eldest male enforced discipline and total respect
Roman women had more roles in society than Greek women
Both girls and boys from upper classes learned to read and write

9. Teenager in Roman times --- DAY one Stopping point

10. Roman Religious Ideals
Romans were polytheistic, believing in many gods and spirits.
Knowledge of the Greek Gods filtered into Roman culture. This is known as cultural diffusion.
The Greek God Zeus became the almighty Roman God Jupiter.
The Greek Goddess Hera became the Roman Goddess Juno.

11. 4 girls in Roman times

12. Rome Built a Mighty Army
Both patricians and plebeians lead double lives as farmers and soldiers because of the constant threat of war.
All male citizens were required to serve in the army, and no one could hold public office until he served 10 years as a soldier.
What is a patrician? Upper class
Plebian? Lower class 2
Is this similar to Greece citystates?

13. Rome Built a Mighty Army
Massive military units were called legions. Which consisted of:
Infantry: 4,000-6,000 Heavily armed foot soldiers.
Cavalry: Smaller groups on horseback that assisted the infantry.
Each legion was divided into 60 smaller groups called a century.
These soldiers were posted throughout the land - this helped Italy unite under Roman Rule building an EMPIRE – a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

14. Carthage is a city state on the coast of Northern Africa – As the Roman Empire moved west conflict became inevitable

15. A Fight with Carthage 270 BC Rome had conquered all of Italy
Controlled northern Africa (Carthage), Greece and parts of Asia Minor
Expansion also led to much corruption.
The long battles with Carthage were called the Punic Wars
Rome was challenged by the Cathaginians because they didn’t have a navy
Rome beat Carthage and won land of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia – this made them masters of the western Mediterranean

16. Ruling the Mediterranean
The Romans were committed to imperialism
Imperialism is the establishment of control over foreign lands and people
Busy trade routes brought in all kinds of riches into Rome
Greed and self interest replaced virtues
Fighting was bound to happen in the city of Rome

17. Julius Caesar
Caesar came to power in 48 BCE. Under Julius Caesar Rome conquered many lands.
Reformed the government
Founded libraries
Planned public work projects
Essentially an absolute ruler of Rome because of the turmoil the senate and other leaders had disappeared

18. Caesar Murdered
Caesar was murdered in 44BCE by a group of Roman aristocrats who feared his power and did not want a dictator.
What is an aristocrat? – wealthy land owners
What is a dictator?

19. Augustus
After Julius Caesar died, his grandnephew, Octavian (Augustus) took over.
Augustus ruled with absolute power
first emperor of Rome
Started the Roman Empire period during which Rome was ruled by a series of emperors.

20. Under Augustus
Peaceful period - lasted about 200 years
Known as the Pax Romana.
The government maintained order, enforced laws, defended the borders and helped the poor.
Many public works projects were conducted, such as aqueducts, canals and roads.

21. Solid paved roads were built to assist trade and communication around the empire. Many still exist today.
Helped move armies from in one place to another
Easy to move people
Easy to take over land
More trade
Practical – extremely straight
56,000 miles

22. Roman aqueducts were incredible works of engineering and architecture.
The aqueducts could carry up to 300 million gallons of water to the city of Rome every day.
Wealthy had their water piped – as you saw with the public bath

23. Mighty monuments to Roman power and dignity
Proud of the accomplishments

27. Roman architecture borrowed Greek elements, but made them more grand and heavy.
Roman architects designed arches and domes that could carry great weights.
Arches and columns for temples

28. columns

29. The Colosseum
Stone and concrete bulding about stories high and could hold about 50,000 spectators, just a tad smaller than Carter Finley stadium

34. Status was shown through where one sat in the audience of the colosseum

35. Great battles and events occurred there --- show video

36. Cultural Contributions
Roman poets, historians and philosophers like Virgil and Tacitus wrote works in Latin that survive to this day.
Latin is the root of several modern languages.
Roman numerals can also be seen in many places today.

37. Legal Contributions – VERY important
The most valued contribution and legacy of the Romans to the world was the Twelve Tables of written laws.
The Roman legal system provided:
security for the empire
equality under the law
the right to a defense
Right to be considered innocent until proven guilty.
The Roman legal system inspired legal principles still practiced around the world today.
Unity and Stability were shown through the laws – this is the basis for many legal systems throughout the world, including the US

38. Rise of Christianity
Romans paid little attention to Christianity at first then began to see it as a threat to society
Persecution of Christians began under Emperor Nero around 64 A.D.
Nero blamed Christians for a fire that burned Rome. He subjected them to cruel deaths
Persecution strengthened Christianity forcing it to become more organized

39. Roman Acceptance of Christianity
Christianity was appealing to the poor because it viewed everyone as equal
Viewed Christianity as having a better life and the unity of the Roman empire also eased the work of missionaries
Diocletian was the last major emperor to enforce persecution of Christians. He soon realized that Christianity was too powerful to be destroyed by force

40. Roman Acceptance of Christianity
Constantine =first Christian Emperor from A.D.
issued Edict of Milan that tolerated Christianity in Rome
Theodosius the Great = adopted Christianity as official religion in 380 A.D.

41. Rome
Greece

42. Activity
With a partner finish the activity we started yesterday.

43. Continue working on your Study guide – due Thursday (test day)
Homework
Continue working on your Study guide – due Thursday (test day)