1. Review:
Massive scramble for territories in Africa by European nations between
British got a head start and claimed a majority of land.
Berlin Conference of Europeans divided the territory and agreed on a colonial map of Africa.

2. West Africa 1st Reason went there: SLAVERY but slavery ended in 1890s.
Became a trading area.
Europe: Textile and Manufactured Goods
Africa: Peanuts, Timber, Hides, and Palm Oil

3. North Africa 1805 Ottomans modernized Egypt.
French built the Suez Canal connecting Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea
British wanted canal to get to colony in India took control of all of Egypt and eventually Sudan to protect canal

6. Central Africa
Belgium took over Congo when King Leopold II wanted a personal colony. Sent Henry Stanley there to claim it for him. (Dr. Livingstone)
Big advantage because of rubber trees and started to export rubber for big money

7. East Africa
Germany got into race late and fought British for control of some of the land in order to please citizens who wanted a colony.

8. South Africa
Boers(Dutch) were there 1st but British took over from them- Fought each other and also the Zulus but British got ultimate control and created Republic of South Africa (apartheid system- whites all the power)
Cecil Rhodes started gold and diamond mines in norther part and created separate country of Rhodesia. Wanted British control from “Cape to Cairo.” (cartoon)

9. Free Countries
Liberia and Ethiopia remained free of any control

10. What did rule look like? British system IN-DIRECT RULE:
Goal: Spend as little money as possible to get as much as possible.
British system IN-DIRECT RULE:
In fantasy: Used rulers already in power but made them fly British flag and acknowledge British authority.
In reality: British officials make all of the decisions and keep elite in power creating tribal and class tensions resulting in the mess Africa is in today.

12. French system:
Direct Rule- French government is in control of al aspects of the country. Ultimate goal is to get rid of any native culture and make them as French as possible.