1. 8.03-8.04 Cell Biology and Cancer
Biomedical Technology

2. BT08.03 Genetic Damage and Mutation
A: Cancer results from the accumulation of damage across time
Repeated sunburns, years of smoking
B: Cancer cells differ from normal cells
Shape and appearance changes
Changes dependent on growth factors What happens to our wt. and why?
Many biochemical differences

3. Genetic Damage and Mutation
C: Multi-step process
Increased incidence with age- Why?
Development of cancer decades after carcinogen exposure-Such as?
Increased incidence among people with inherited dispositions (ie: Breast Cancer, esp. if MATERNAL side), and if maternal side is positive for BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes (specific gene mutations)

4. Genetic damage and mutation
Cells enlarge and take up space
Deprives organs and tissues of oxygen and nutrients
Sometimes the cause of cancer is not known

5. Knowledge to improve your health
Good choices can reduce your risk for developing cancer
Ethical– Cigarettes aren’t banned outright (people still allowed to choose)
Levels of prevention
Personal – individual choices
HC Provider – counseling and screening (education) about risk factors & prevention
National – gov’t regulations to minimize exposure, public policy – Restaurants no smoking
International – share in program knowledge

6. Risk Factors for skin cancer
Excessive exposure to UV radiation
Fair complexion
Occupational exposure to substances/Carcinogens:
Coal tar – wood preservative & asphalt occupations
Creosate- fireplaces
Arsenic compounds – processing plant, insecticides
Radium – nuclear power plants
Radiology/Radiation-exposure to radiation, including radiation to treat cancer and scans to “check” the cancer.

8. THE 7 WARNING SIGNALS OF CANCER
1. Changes in bowel or bladder habits-
Changes in frequency (how often you go), blood in urine or stool (BM),
changes in color, consistency (diarrhea, constipation), size or shape of stool (long, skinny, stringy)

9. 2. A sore that does not heal-
Sores don’t seem to be getting better, are getting bigger, getting more painful, starting to bleed
3. Unusual bleeding or discharge-
Blood in urine or stool, discharge from any body parts/orifice-nipples, penis, umbilicus,

10. 4. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere-
Any lump in the breast or scrotum found on self exam, lumps anywhere else
5. Indigestion of difficulty swallowing-
Pressure in throat or chest that makes swallowing uncomfortable, pressure or full feeling without having eaten

11. 6. Obvious changes in warts or moles-
A, B, C, D rule (next slide)
7. Nagging cough or hoarseness-
Change in voice, cough that does not go away, sputum (phlegm) with blood in it

12. A, B, C, D, RULE
A- Asymmetry: does the mole look the same in all parts or are there differences?
B- Border: are the borders sharp or ragged?
C- Color: what are the colors seen in the mole?
D- Diameter: is the mole bigger than a pencil eraser? (2 mm)

13. Make Good Choices Improved detection – monthly SBE, STE
Improved treatment – stay current on treatment options
If you or family member were to be diagnosed with cancer, RESEARCH treatment options, and where clinical trials are being done. YOU (the pt) are your best advocate!!
But, DON’T BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU READ ON THE INTERNET!!!

14. PREVENTION!!!!!!!!!! Stop smoking / dipping Decrease sun exposure
Decrease intake of processed foods!(fresh)
Headwear and clothing during peak hours of sun
Develop healthy lifestyles-exercise, H2O
Cancer Screening by Healthcare Providers- and If you are concerned………
Go and check, check, check it out!!! 

15. Ethical values/conflict public policy debates about strategies for reducing the risk of cancer
Process of rational inquiry
Requires solid foundation of information
Interpretation of that information – you still have to decide for yourself
Competing reasons? – well reasoned answers to what is right/wrong or good/bad

16. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
Research current trends in new cancer therapies and treatments for the assigned cancer types.
Discuss: treatment/therapy, where research is being done, if clinical trials are available and the criteria for such. Make a list of new vocabulary words and include definition.
DUE TOMORROW AT BEGINNING OF CLASS!