1. Unit One: Matter & Change, Measurement
Chemistry
Unit One: Matter & Change, Measurement

2. Matter and Its Properties
Chemistry: the study of matter and energy
Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass
- Exists in three states: SOLID, LIQUID & GAS
What are some examples of when these 3 states change phase?
What law does this take into account?

3. Use your content frame to take notes about solids, liquids, & gases
Shape
Volume
Distance
between
particles
Average
kinetic E of particles
Strength of Intermolecular
forces
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Handout

4. Use your content frame to take notes about solids, liquids, & gases
Shape
Volume
Distance
between
particles
Average
kinetic E of particles
Strength of Intermolecular
forces
Solids
definite
very close
Slight
Vibrations low KE
strongest
Liquids
Shape of
Container
Definite
close
Slide or flow higher KE than solids
Strong
Intermediate forces
Gases
Shape of container
Depends on container
greatest
Move freely
Lots of KE
No intermolecular forces
Handout

5. Shape & Volume
Solids have a defined shape & a defined volume, most condensed phase
Liquids do not have a defined shape, they take on the shape of their container. They do have a defined volume. Less condensed phase
Gases do not have a defined shape, they take on the shape of their container. They do not have a defined volume, their volume is equal to the volume of their container. Least condensed phase.
Copy only underlined stuff for notes

6. Solids
particles are very close together and very ordered in a crystal structure
*water is special because as a solid it actually occupies a larger space (has more volume) than liquid water due to the hydrogen bonds it forms
2. have very low kinetic energy, they only vibrate within the crystal
3. have the strongest and most numerous intermolecular forces holding the crystal together
*for water, it will exist in this phase at and below 00C. Other substances will have a different freezing point.
Copy only underlined stuff for notes

7. Liquids:
for most liquids, the particles are close together and less orderly than as a solid. (Can Flow)
* for water, the particles can actually get closer to each other because the hydrogen bonds are not as numerous
have higher kinetic energy, particles move randomly
have an intermediate number of intermolecular forces, these forces form and break and reform, the forces hold the particles in the liquid phase
*for water, it will exist in this phase between 00C and 1000C. Other liquids will have a different range.
Copy only underlined stuff for notes

8. Gases
for all gases, the particles are the farthest apart of all the phases
have the highest kinetic energy, the molecules move freely and randomly
have zero intermolecular forces, nothing to holds the particles to each other so they totally spread out
*for water, it will be a gas at or above
1000 C, other substances will have different boiling points
Copy only underlined stuff for notes

9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical properties?
- color, odor, density, hardness, solubility, melting & boiling point
Chemical properties?
- rxns. (when a substance reacts with another substance)
Changes in these properties, physical and chemical, are considered physical and chemical changes.

10. Physical Change Physical Change Solid > Liquid Melting
Gas > Liquid Condensation
Solid > Gas Sublimation
Liquid > Solid Freezing
Gas > Solid Deposition
Liquid > Gas Boiling or Evaporation
Can you explain the movement of particles behind these physical changes?

11. Chemical Change
Any change in which substances are converted into different substances and cannot be changed back to the original
i.e. A Chemical Reaction (A + B → C + D)
Both physical and chemical properties fall underneath two types of categories:
- Extensive:
- Intensive:
Properties that depend on the amount of matter present
Properties not dependent on amount of matter present

12. Elements, Mixtures, & Compounds

13. Separation by Physical Means
Distillation: used to separate mixtures containing volatile compounds.
Filtration: solid and liquid poured through filter paper.
Chromatography: ability of different substances to adhere to surfaces such as paper.

14. Periodic Table The Alphabet of Chemistry = Elements
Should know symbols and names from atomic number 1-36 and other common elements
Basics:
families/groups
periods
metals
non-metals
metalloids