1. Review of Chapter 10 (condensed states of matter)
A.P. Chem
Review of Chapter 10 (condensed states of matter)
ln (VP1/VP2) = DHv/R (1/T2-1/T1) Clausius-Clapeyron
Properties to be aware of : V.P., B.P., DHv, Surf. Ten., volatility, viscosity, crit. temp.
Properties to be aware of : melting pts, conductivity, and solubility
(▲Semi-conductors)
…all related to attractive forces Pc
Critical Point…
V.P. solid= V.P. liquid
SOLID
LIQUID
V.P. liquid curve
Defined: Structural units held together by attractive forces enough to make a rigid structure
Defined: Clustery with short range order
Pressure→
GAS
Types (ranked by bond strength):
Macromolecular (atoms—covalent bonds)
Ionic (ions—ionic bonds)
Metallic (atoms—metallic bonds)
Molecular (molecules – intermolecular bonds)
Triple Point… all 3 phases in equilibrium
Defined: Random
(◄Alloys)
V.P. solid curve
Organization?
No→
Yes→
DHvap
Amorphous
Same mat’l but diff. pattern: Allotropism KE
Crystalline…units arranged in a geometric pattern
DHfus
←q = mcDT
Simplest repeating pattern: Unit Cell
Time
Coord. # Varieties
TwoTypes:
Temperature→ Tc
simple (1)
BCC (2)
FCC (4) aka CCP (ABC…ABC stacking in metals)
Cubic, Hexagonal
(AB…AB stacking in metals)

2. carbon, hydrogen, lithium
Solid Substances: 3 1 2
carbon, hydrogen, lithium
Arrange in terms of M.P. (lowest to highest ,1-3)
Which, if any of these, will dissolve in H2O? (*) 3 *
Underline any of these that dissolve in water and produce a conductive solution?
ethanol, methane, dichlorofloromethane, magnesium sulfate 1 2 * 4 *
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3. A is higher B is higher B is higher For A: ln 200. mm = DHvap 1 - 1
The vapor pressure of substance A is 200. mm of Hg at 20.0°C and 600. mm of Hg at 48.0°C. Substance B’s vapor pressures at those temperatures are 23.0 and 95.0 mm of Hg respectively. Calculate an estimated DHvap for each substance and then rank the following properties for each substance based on the info given:
Volatility Boiling Point Surface Tension
A is higher
B is higher
B is higher
For A:
ln 200. mm = DHvap
600. mm J 321K K
mol K
▼chloroform – weaker dipole-dipole attractions
DHvap A= J/mol = 30.7 KJ/mol
▼water – hydrogen bonding
DHvap B= 39.6 KJ/mol
Identify the substances as chloroform (CHCl3) or water and say why you chose as you did.