1. DNA and Mutations

2. Learning Objectives
Describe the different kinds of mutations and their significance

3. Mutation
Mutation - any change in the DNA/RNA

4. Causes of Mutations Errors in DNA replication
Mutagens - (chemicals, temperature, UV light, radiation)

5. Results of Mutations Mutations change the meaning of genes
Mutations can be harmful, neutral or beneficial

6. Normal DNA sequence
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
DNA

7. Substitution Mutation
THE DOG BIT THE CAT
DNA
THE DOG BIT THE CAR
Substitution - Replace one letter T R

8. Substitution Mutation
Normal hemoglobin DNA
Mutant hemoglobin DNA
Normal hemoglobin
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Glu
Val

9. Deletion Mutation THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOG BIT HEC AT
DNA
THE DOG BIT HEC AT
Delete one letter (T)
Reading frame shifts

10. Deletion Mutation
Hemophilia - inability to form blood clots

11. Insertion Mutation THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOE GBI TTH ECA T
DNA
THE DOE GBI TTH ECA T
Add one letter (E)
Reading frame shifts

12. YouTube Video
Bizzare Mutations

13. YouTube Video
Mutations
Amoeba Sisters

14. Stop Here

15. Normal Gene Base Substitution Base Deletion met lys phe gly ala ser
his
leu
Normal
Gene
Base
Substitution
Base
Deletion

16. Types of Mutations Point mutations Base substitution Base deletion
Base insertion
Frameshift mutations
Deletion
Insertion
Chromosomal mutations