1. 1960-1970 THE MODERNIZATION OF QUEBEC
The Quiet Revolution
THE MODERNIZATION OF QUEBEC

2. THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA: JEAN LESAGE ELECTED
In 1960, the Liberal Party of Quebec was elected into power. The leader, Jean Lesage, became the new Premier of Quebec.
Lesage wanted to MODERNIZE Quebec.
This period of modernization is known as the Quiet Revolution.
WHAT ELECTORAL PROMISE DID LESAGE MAKE???

3. Characteristics of the Modern State
In order to make the changes necessary, Lesage needed to give more power to the government. The 1960s saw an increase in government intervention. As a result Quebec became a WELFARE STATE
WELFARE STATE: the government intervenes in the economy and in society in order to improve the lives of all citizens.
The provincial government took control of EDUCATION AND HEALTH CARE
SECULARIZATION: the church lost influence and power over education and health (and politics in general)

4. Important Dates
1962: Passed the Hospitals Act: government takes control of hospital system, and hospitals are now run by doctors, not religious orders
1964: Created the Department of Education: based on the recommendations made in the Parent Report, government centralized laws related to education
1966: Quebec Pension Plan came into effect: the government offered a pension plan for workers (to have money after they retire). Money would be put aside and invested by the Caisse de dépôt et de placement du Québec and could be used to help finance companies.

5. What recommendations were made in the Parent Report of 1963?

6. What connections can be made between Lesage’s policies and government spending???

7. Review Questions
How did government intervention change under Lesage?
Which group lost power during the Quiet Revolution?
How did Lesage modernize the education and health care systems?

8. Nationalization of the economy
Before 1960, many industries related to the exploitation of natural resources were controlled by Americans. Lesage wanted to keep the profits inside the province.
The Lesage government therefore nationalized various industries.
He created many crown corporations: companies owned by the government.
What does this poster tell us about WHY Lesage wanted to nationalize industries???

9. Which types of industries were nationalized???
***In 1962: Hydro-Quebec
Lesage proposed the COMPLETE nationalization of hydro-electric companies. All companies were merged into Hydro-Quebec.

10. Impact of Nationalization
Increase state revenue: government makes a lot of money from these industries ($$$)
Created MANY jobs: the government of Quebec becomes one of the biggest employers in the province
More Hydro-electric dams were built (esp. In the Cote-Nord region)
State employees had the right to unionize: Lesage was not hostile towards unions

11. Promoting Quebecois culture/Identity
Created the Department of Cultural Affairs (1961): encourage the development of the arts in QC
Created Office du Film Quebecois: gave $$ to people who wanted to make films in QC
Created the Office de la langue française: responsible for promoting the French language in QC
Built cultural venues: Contemporary Art Museum of Montreal, Place des Arts (Montreal) and the Grand Theatre (in Quebec city)
Promoted Quebec culture abroad (with the help of General delegates in foreign countries)

12. Summarize Gérin-lajoie’s Argument

13. Review Questions
Why did Lesage want to nationalize various industries in Quebec?
How did nationalization impact the state’s revenue?
How did nationalization impact employment?

14. The Union National
Back in power ( )

15. Union National and Daniel Johnson
Daniel Johnson became Premier of Quebec in 1966, and he continued to work towards modernizing Quebec.
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Read page in your textbook and answer the following questions:
Identify three changes made to education by the Union National in the 1960s.
Identify two cultural venues created by the Union National.

16. Creation of the National Assembly
In 1968, the legislative assembly of Quebec became the National Assembly, made up only of elected officials.
In which city is the National Assembly located?

17. Impacts of the Quiet Revolution
A more educated population (social)
More Francophones in business world (economic/social)
More employees were unionized (economic)

18. Impacts of the Quiet Revolution
More Quebecois works of art were created (cultural)
Greater openness to the world (cultural)
Les belles-soeurs

19. Which Impact of The Quiet Revolution Does Expo 67 Represent?
Home movies

20. Federal-Provincial relations

21. Quebec Neo-Nationalism
New form of nationalism emerged in the 1960s known as Neo-Nationalism, which emphasized belonging to the Quebec territory. People saw themselves more as Quebecois than French-Canadian.
During the 1960s, decolonization of European colonies around the world (Africa and Asia) inspired some sovereigntists in Quebec to fight for Quebec independence.
The idea that Quebec should be its own independent country began to be shared by two political parties: The Ralliement National (RN) and the Rassemblement pour l’indépendance nationale (RIN).

22. Speech by Charles de Gualle in Montreal (1967)

23. CREATION OF THE PARTI QUÉbecois
In 1967, René Lévesque quit the Liberal Party and founded the MSA (Mouvement souverainté-association).
He wanted Quebec to become an independent country, while maintaining economic ties with Canada
In 1968 the MSA merged with the RN and RIN to create a new political party: Le Parti Québécois (PQ)

24. The Federal Government’s Reaction To Quebec’s Demands for Sovereignty
The Prime Minister of Canada, Lester B. Pearson, was worried about the rise of Quebec nationalism.
In 1963, Pearson established the Royal Commission of Bilingualism and Bicultluralism (Aka Laurendeau-Dunton Commission) to show Quebec that Canada was open to listening to its demands

25. Conclusions of the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission
There were many inequalities between Francophones and Anglophones in Canada, including:
Francophones in Canada were less privileged than Anglophones in Quebec (economically, culturally, liguistically, etc)
Most government positions were held by Anglophones and were not accessible to Francophones
In 1969, P.E. Trudeau (the Prime-Minister of Canada) passed a law to try to fix these inequalities. The Official Languages Act made both French and English the official languages of Canada and all federal institutions would have to be BILINGUAL

26. Review Questions
What common goal caused the RN, RIN and MSA to merge into the Parti Québécois?
Who was the first leader of the Parti Québécois?
Why did the government create the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission?
Which law, passed by Trudeau, made Canada officially bilingual?