1. Scientific Revolution Backgrounder
CHY 4U
Scientific Revolution Backgrounder
MIT, MIT OpenCourseWare, Towards the Scientific Revolution, Accessed Feb. 26, 2019,

2. Origins of Scientific Revolution
Non-western sources
incl. Avicenna, al Tusi*, al Shatir
The Renaissance
new discoveries about blood pressure, classification, calculus, anatomy, circulation (Vesalius), linear perspective, weapons
John Baez, Rolling Circles and Balls, Last updated Sept. 11, 2012,

3. The Scientific Method
Islamic science and medicine had long been based on:
Observation
Experiment
E.g., translation Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine (1025) was one of the most influential books in Europe
Rather than…
Information fitting into pre-existing worldviews

4. Geocentric Model of the Solar System
The Geocentric Paradigm, Philosophy: Chinese/Japanese 350, Accessed Feb. 21, 2013,

5. European Geocentrism: Sacred
Old View of the Universe
based on Aristotle and Ptolemy
spheres revolve around earth which doesn’t move
heavenly bodies attached to spheres
10 spheres, highest is the home of God
perfect circular motion of spheres
humans at centre, special relationship with God

6. Heliocentric Model
NASA Earth Observatory, Feature Article: Planetary Motion: The History of an Idea that Launched the Scientific Revolution, Accessed Sept,
6, 2010,

7. Copernicus Proposes Heliocentrism
From Copernicus’ On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies (1543)
Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney, Origins of Modernity Online Exhibition: Cosmology and Astronomy – Copernicus, Accessed Sept. 6, 2010,

8. Galileo’s Telescope 20X telescope fashioned after a Dutch invention
Museo Galileo, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Multimedia Catalogue, Accessed Sept. 6, 2010,

9. Moons of Jupiter, 1610
NASA, Solar System Exploration – Galileo’s Journal, Accessed Sept. 6, 2010,

10. Slap on the Wrist from the Catholic Church in 1616
After writing about heliocentrism the Church told Galileo to:
“abandon completely … the opinion that the sun stands still at the center of the world and the earth moves, and henceforth not to hold, teach, or defend it in any way whatever, either orally or in writing; otherwise the Holy Office would start proceedings against him.”
Scott Bembenek, “How the Moon Changed Galileo’s Life Forever”, Forbes, July 20, 2017,

11. Phases of Venus, 1623
International Year of Astronomy 2009, Graphic Description of Venus Phases, Accessed Sept. 6, 2010,

12. Galileo’s Dialogo, 1632
Aristotle, Ptolemy and Copernicus discussing the universe on the cover of Galileo’s Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Systems of the World
Library of Congress, European Collections, Science and Technology, Accessed Sept. 15, 2010,

14. To Recant or Not to Recant
Wikimedia Commons, Galileo Galilei, Oil Painting by Wellcome, Accessed Feb. 26, 2019,