1. Module 9: Emerging Technologies

2. Session Purpose
Introduce the concepts and state of Emerging Technologies
Provide understanding of:
What are today’s Emerging Technologies?
Why are they important?
What are the benefits?
Examples of leadership actions

3. What are Today’s Emerging Technologies?
Connected Automated Vehicles
Smart Cities
Mobility as a Service
Big Data

4. What are Connected Vehicles?
Wireless technology connecting vehicles to each other and to roadside infrastructure
Connections may be
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
Vehicle-to-Other (V2X)
Wireless technology may be via cellular service or DSRC
Vehicles connect through in-vehicle devices
Pedestrians/cyclists connect through personal devices
Devices broadcast and receive information from roadside infrastructure and other devices

5. Examples of Connected Vehicles Applications
V2I Safety
Red light violation warning
Curve speed warning
Stop sign gap assist
Reduced speed zone warning
V2V Safety
Forward collision warning
Left turn assist
Blind spot/lane change warning
Road Weather
Motorist advisories and warnings
Enhanced decision support
Mobility
Signal priority
Emergency vehicle pre-emption
Dynamic speed harmonization
Queue warning

6. What are Autonomous Vehicles?
Automated vehicles use on-board sensors, cameras, global positioning, and telecommunications to help perform safety- critical driving functions such as steering, acceleration and braking - without direct driver input
Automated does not always mean self- driving
There are five levels of automation as you’ll see on this next slide

7. Levels of Vehicle Automation
Here Today
Being Tested
NHTSA’s Automated Driving Systems 2.0: A Vision for Safety offers a nonregulatory approach to automated vehicle technology safety.
Section 1: Voluntary Guidance supports the automotive industry and other key stakeholders as they consider and design best practices for the testing and safe deployment of Automated Driving Systems.
To support the State level work, Section 2: Technical Assistance to States clarifies and delineates Federal and State roles in regulation and offers insight on best practices for legislatures and state highway officials.
Note: Cadillac’s CT6 is level 3 available today
Levels of Vehicle Automation

8. Merging into CAV Terminology

9. Policy Issues Still Being Explored
Privacy
Cyber-Security
Data ownership
USDOT authority
NHTSA: Regulate safety equipment in vehicles
FHWA: Provide guidance on roadside infrastructure
Driver and vehicle licensing
NHTSA distraction guidelines
Market driven
5G vs. DSRC
For cell-based connected vehicles many issues are addressed through the consumer and business-to-business marketplace. However, there are several implementation issues surrounding DSRC-based vehicles. Unless otherwise noted, all of these implementation issues are specific to DSRC-based vehicles. It should be noted that these are only some of the issues. Others such as liability are also being studied.
Privacy is a high-visibility issue. There are numerous cell-based connected vehicle apps which are “opt-in,” meaning that the user agrees to share their data typically for the opportunity to use the service. For DSRC-based vehicles, privacy concerns are minimized through the design of the system. No personal information is needed for V2V or V2I safety applications; however, minimal personal information may be necessary for the security network.
Security to prevent hacks like the highly publicized on with Jeep in Security Credentialing Management System (SCMS) is being tested by three CV Pilot sites. The SCMS provides the security infrastructure to issue and manage the security certificates that form the basis of trust for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication.
Data Ownership is also an issue. For opt-in applications, the user makes the choice about use of the data. For DSRC-based vehicles where data are shared without consent by the driver, data ownership is under study by USDOT.
US DOT Authority: NHTSA has regulatory authority over vehicle safety features. Unlike NHTSA, FHWA does not have authority to require transportation agencies to install V2I or roadside equipment. The installation of roadside infrastructure is a choice of each state and local agency.
Driver distraction is another public policy issue. NHTSA issued distraction guidelines for use by OEMs, suppliers, and vendors. Additional research is under way in both the public and private sectors. Companies that manufacture devices, develop apps, or provide content are aware of the concerns. Distraction is a key issue in the design of the interface between the car and driver. Driver distraction is likely to be a significant issue in the future.

10. Discussion
Are connected and autonomous vehicles operating in your region?
What planning opportunities are there for CAV at your agency?
Have you deployed, or considered deploying roadside infrastructure to support CAV?

11. What is a Smart City?
Urbanized areas that use data and connectivity to improve mobility
Common challenges to address
First/last-mile service for transit users
Goods movement efficiency
Coordinating data collection and dissemination across systems
Reducing inefficiency in parking systems and payment
Reducing carbon emissions
Optimizing traffic flow

12. Example Technologies from Smart City Challenge
Autonomous vehicles for first and last-mile
Dynamic curb parking reservation and space sensing to expedite freight loading and unloading
Improved and expanded charging systems for electric vehicles
Connected vehicles, bicyclists and pedestrians
Unified data analytics platforms across modes to improve decision making
In December 2015, USDOT launched the Smart City Challenge, asking mid-sized cities across America to develop ideas for an integrated, first-of-its-kind smart transportation system that would use data, applications, and technology to help people and goods move more quickly, cheaply, and efficiently.
The Challenge generated an overwhelming response: 78 applicant cities shared the challenges they face and ideas for how to tackle them.
Seven finalists worked with DOT to further develop their ideas: Columbus, OH - Austin, TX - Denver, CO - Kansas City, MO - Pittsburgh, PA - Portland, OR - San Francisco, CA.
Columbus was the winner. Will leverage a new central connected traffic signal and integrated transportation data system to develop a suite of applications to deliver enhanced human services to residents and visitors. Applications include a multi-modal trip planning application, a common payment system for all transportation modes, a smartphone application for assistance to persons with disabilities, and integration of travel options at key locations for visitors. Columbus will establish a smart corridor connecting underserved neighborhoods to jobs and services. The smart corridor will enhance Bus Rapid Transit service by installing smart traffic signals, smart street lighting, traveler information and payment kiosks, and free public Wi-Fi along the route. Six electric, accessible, autonomous vehicles will be deployed to expand the reach of the BRT system to additional retail and employment centers.
Denver developed plans to integrate adaptive signal control and smart freeway ramp metering to optimize traffic flow on two major arterial highways.
San Francisco proposed installing multimodal intelligent traffic signal systems equipped with DSRC technology at high priority pedestrian collision locations to improve pedestrian safety, reduce idling, and prioritize transit and emergency vehicles to improve reliability and response times.

13. What is Mobility as a Service (MaaS)?
A shift from personally-owned vehicles, toward transportation provided as a service
Enhanced through better integration of modes
Use multiple modes to complete trips
Payments coordinated across modes

14. Examples of Mobility as a Service
Ridesharing
E-hailing
Bike sharing
Car sharing
On-demand transit
Scooters

15. What is Big Data?
Use of data across modes and transportation sectors to perform analysis, make decisions and provide information to improve mobility
New methods to collect, transmit, sort, store, share, aggregate, fuse, analyze, and apply these data will be needed for management and operations of transportation systems

16. Example Uses of Big Data
Using data sets to perform complex simulations and identify congestion causes and mitigation
Building comprehensive origin-destination models to identify potential alternatives for commuters
Analyzing transit usage and passenger first and last-mile needs to adjust service
Analyzing changes in transportation network to better understand impact on travelers
Using real-time data to actively manage transportation systems

17. Why are Emerging Technologies Important?
Auto industry is moving forward with CAV
Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) with USDOT is developing V2V safety apps for connected vehicles
There are private-sector autonomous vehicles on roadways already
EasyMile, Waymo (Google) and Uber
Audi claims to have Level 4 vehicles and Cadillac has Level 3
Tesla users operating in “autopilot” mode, but really just Level 3
Has had high profile crashes due to unsafe operation by owners

18. Why are Emerging Technologies Important?
Smart Cities can provide integration between transportation network and other city elements
Smart Cities can cost-effectively leverage existing data and systems to improve mobility
Mobility as a Service is increasing in demand, especially among younger travelers
Mobility as a Service may require changes in transportation infrastructure
Parking for shared cars
Facilities for changing modes during trips

19. What are the Benefits? Improved mobility and efficiency
Makes travel available to more people
Reduces costs related to vehicle ownership
Smoother traffic flow and coordination with traffic operations
Improved safety
Crash avoidance
Better information about roads for drivers and vehicles
More awareness of interaction between vehicles, pedestrians and bicyclists

20. What are the Benefits?
More efficient freight, transit and emergency vehicle operations
Better truck staging and flow in traffic
Improved signal priority for transit and emergency services
Enhances existing data to perform more accurate analysis and real- time operations

21. Discussion
What data do other agencies have that would benefit your operations?
What data do you have that you can share with other agencies?
What challenges do you anticipate your agency having in supporting Mobility as a Service?

22. Leadership Actions Engage in institutional collaborations
V2I Deployment Coalition – SPaT Challenge
Transportation Research Board
Be aware of and engage in discussion of major policy issues
Policies regarding connected and autonomous vehicles
Data privacy concerns
Funding for emerging technologies versus traditional transportation strategies

23. Leadership Actions
Take advantage of learning and training opportunities
National Highway Institute
USDOT Professional Capacity Building (Connected Vehicle 101 and 102)
Learn how to plan, design and deploy
Understand integration with existing services
Understand impact to infrastructure
Learn the needs of your community
Cell-based connected vehicles are used by numerous companies. These companies capture, analyze, and store large quantities of this data. The image in the slide is from one such company, Inrix, and illustrates the breadth of this type of probe data. This type of data will continue to grow and become more prevalent. HERE is a similar company, and it supplies data for the National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS).
Agencies can take advantage of the NPMRDS data which was purchased by FHWA and made available to states and MPOs. The data set includes average travel times and is available monthly at no charge. For more information and access to the NPMRD,
The NPMRDS may meet agency needs. If it is not adequate, a growing number of public agencies are purchasing this data from companies. Agencies should assess the type of data that can be provided and the needs that it meets for the agency. Considerations include
The cost of purchasing the data;
The coverage provided (it may be more cost-effective to use this approach particularly in rural areas and, increasingly, on arterials);
The equivalent cost of installing, maintaining and operating traditional data sources; and
Unmet data needs that still must be provided by the agency.

24. Resources Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Program
V2I Deployment Coalition
USDOT Automated Vehicle Activities
USDOT Smart City Challenge
Transportation Research Board Innovative Mobility Services: Issues and Opportunities
USDOT Enterprise Data