1. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Protection of Space-based Observations and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
　　　　　　　　　Masatoshi Ohishi
NAOJ
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

2. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Members of the ITU
Member States (191)
Sector Members such as private companies (567)
Regional Groups
International Organizations such as IUCAF
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

3. World Radiocommunication Conference
August 4, 2001
World Radiocommunication Conference
Revision of the Radio Regulations that has the status of an international treaty.
Study Groups, Working Parties consider technical aspects of agenda items for WRCs.
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

4. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Study Cycle (3~4 years)
CPM report
Agenda Items
WRC;
Admins.
Adopt Radio
Regulations
CPM;
Experts
Study Groups
Exchange info
Assign
AIs
Draft
CPM
report
WPs, TGs
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

5. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Study Groups
drafting Technical bases for Radiocommunication Conferences
developing Draft Recommendations
compiling Handbooks
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

6. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Study Groups
SG 1:Spectrum Management
SG 3:Radio Wave Propagation
SG 4:Satellite Services
SG 5:Terrestrial Services
SG 6:Broadcasting Service
SG 7:Science Services
SC: Special Committee
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

7. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Working Parties
Study Groups are organized into Working Parties and Task Groups
Deal with specific aspects of Study Group work
Issues related with multiple SGs
 Joint WPs, Joint TGs
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

8. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
SG 7
WP 7A : Time signals and frequency standard emissions
WP 7B : Space radio systems
WP 7C : Earth-exploration satellite
systems and meteorological elements
WP 7D : Radio Astronomy
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

9. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
ITU Web page
top page
Submitted documents appear on the Web.
You need a TIES account to download
files.
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

10. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Recommendations
The ITU-R Recommendations provide a body of technical, operational and regulatory / procedural information that has been agreed upon by the participating administrations.
RA series – Radio Astronomy
RS series – Remote Sensing
SA series - Space Services
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

11. Current Frequency Allocations
August 4, 2001
Current Frequency Allocations
9 kHz – 275 GHz
< 9 kHz :
5.53 Administrations authorizing the use of frequencies below 9 kHz shall ensure that no harmful interference is caused thereby to the services to which the bands above 9 kHz are allocated.
5.54 Administrations conducting scientific research using frequencies below 9 kHz are urged to advise other administrations that may be concerned in order that such research may be afforded all practicable protection from harmful interference.
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

12. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Where are RA bands ?
Frequency Bands(MHz)
Frequency Bands(GHz)
1   427 (HI)
(OH)
1   670 (OH)
2   700
4   000 (H2CO)
14.47 – (H2CO)0
(H2O)
(NH3)
(SiO)
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

13. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Adjacent to RA bands
In many cases, there are satellite services
(FSS, MSS, BSS, etc) in downlink !!
RA can not avoid interference by choosing sites.
 TG1/3 – TG1/5 – TG1/7 – TG1/9 ( )
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

14. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
2019/4/3
WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.21
1.21 to consider the results of studies, regarding the compatibility between the radio astronomy service and the active space services in accordance with Resolution 740 (WRC-03), in order to review and update, if appropriate, the tables of threshold levels used for consultation that appear in the Annex to Resolution 739 (WRC‑03);
TG1/9 – Compatibility Studies between RAS and Satellite Services (S-E)
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

15. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
Modifications to FN 5.347A
5.347A In the bands: MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz, MHz, GHz, Resolution 739 (Rev.WRC-07) applies. (WRC-07)
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

16. For GSO stations (in pfd)
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

17. For Non-GSO stations (in epfd)
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

18. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
2019/4/3
WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.20
Similar agenda item to AI 1.21 to consider protection of the EESS (passive) from the ground-based active services
More difficult to establish regulatory measures to protect EESS(p)  Res. [COM5/4]
Power limits (hard limits) : GHz, GHz, GHz and GHz
Recommended limits: MHz and GHz
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

19. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
2019/4/3
WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.7
1.7 to consider the results of ITU-R studies regarding sharing between the mobile-satellite service and the space research service (passive) in the band 1 668-1 668.4 MHz, and between the mobile-satellite service and the mobile service in the band 1   675 MHz in accordance with Resolution 744 (WRC‑03);
Radioastron and future space-based RAS stations with similar orbital parameters with Radioastron will be appropriately protected.
Not many space science people participated in the discussion.
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

20. Ultra WideBand devices
Regulatory measures adopted
RAS problem has not been solved yet
separation distance ~ 15 km is needed
EESS is more serious
geographical separation can not be used
Little market penetration
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session

21. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
Above 10 THz issue
End of RR
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

22. Optical Communication
August 4, 2001
Optical Communication
Laser Communication by using f > 10 THz is under study (USA, Japan)
 Interference at Optical/IR regions in near future ?
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

23. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
Usage
August 4, 2001
GSO/GSO, GSO/non-GSO crosslinks
Non-GSO/non-GSO crosslinks
GSO-ground links
200/283/311/353 THz
1.50/1.060/0.965/0.850 mm
Rec. ITU-R S.1590
Technical and operational characteristics of satellites operating in the range THz
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

24. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
275+ GHz & optical link
Agenda Item 1.6 for WRC-2011
Review & update footnote up to 3000 GHz RAS, EESS(passive), SRS(passive)
Consider procedure for optical link ground-based link only ?
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

25. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
August 4, 2001
5.565 The frequency band GHz may be used by administrations for experimentation with, and development of, various active and passive services. In this band a need has been identified for the following spectral line measurements for passive services:
– radio astronomy service: 275‑323 GHz, 327‑371 GHz, 388‑424 GHz, 426‑442 GHz, 453‑510 GHz, 623‑711 GHz, 795‑909 GHz and GHz;
– Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service (passive): GHz, 294‑306 GHz, 316‑334 GHz, 342‑349 GHz, 363‑365 GHz, 371‑389 GHz, 416‑434 GHz, 442‑444 GHz, 496‑506 GHz, 546‑568 GHz, 624‑629 GHz, 634‑654 GHz, 659‑661 GHz, 684‑692 GHz, 730‑732 GHz, 851‑853 GHz and 951‑956 GHz.
Future research in this largely unexplored spectral region may yield additional spectral lines and continuum bands of interest to the passive services. Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these passive services from harmful interference until the date when the allocation Table is established in the above-mentioned frequency band.     (WRC‑2000)
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
AP-RASC '01 - Session J8

26. COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session
Your participation will make interference-free future !
July 14, 2008
COSPAR SA 2008, E110 IUCAF session